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In an art therapy session, a client with anorexia nervosa was asked to draw a picture of herself. Which drawing would likely depict the client's view of herself?
- A. A tall, slim girl with obvious muscle definition.
- B. A malnourished teenager with thin, lanky extremities.
- C. A grossly obese figure lacking feminine characteristics.
- D. A shapely figure of a model who she admires.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because individuals with anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image and see themselves as larger than they actually are. Drawing a grossly obese figure lacking feminine characteristics reflects the distorted self-perception common in anorexia nervosa. Choice A is incorrect as it portrays a positive body image. Choice B may be close, but it focuses more on malnourishment rather than distorted body image. Choice D is incorrect as it reflects admiration for a shapely figure, which may not align with the client's self-perception.
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A patient with borderline personality disorder has been making steady progress but one day gets a phone call from her boyfriend, who breaks off their relationship. Although she has not self-injured in over 2 months, she makes repeated lacerations on her forearm. Which statement about this and most maladaptive behaviors seen in personality disorders is most accurate?
- A. People with personality disorders rarely achieve lasting improvement.
- B. However dysfunctional, most behavior is the person's best effort to cope.
- C. People with personality disorders are at the mercy of others' actions.
- D. What appears to be improvement can be manipulation instead.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: However dysfunctional, most behavior is the person's best effort to cope. In this scenario, the patient's self-injury following the breakup is a maladaptive coping mechanism to deal with emotional distress. Individuals with personality disorders often engage in maladaptive behaviors as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions or stress. This behavior may not be effective or healthy, but it is their attempt to manage their internal struggles.
A: People with personality disorders rarely achieve lasting improvement - This statement is incorrect as individuals with personality disorders can make progress with therapy and support.
C: People with personality disorders are at the mercy of others' actions - This statement is incorrect as individuals with personality disorders have agency over their behaviors, even if they struggle with emotional regulation.
D: What appears to be improvement can be manipulation instead - This statement is incorrect as improvement in behavior should not be automatically attributed to manipulation; it could genuinely reflect progress in coping skills.
A client with dementia was admitted to a dementia unit after she began persistently wandering away from home. The nursing staff should plan to:
- A. Provide unlimited freedom because the client has no place to go in the new neighborhood
- B. Provide one-to-one supervision when the client is ambulatory
- C. Place the client in a geriatric chair with a tray across the lap
- D. Provide the client with an electronic alarm that sounds when the client nears the exit door
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing the client with an electronic alarm that sounds when she nears the exit door is the best option to ensure her safety. This approach allows for monitoring without restricting her movement excessively. Choice A is incorrect as unlimited freedom poses risks. Choice B is not practical or feasible long-term. Choice C is not person-centered and may lead to discomfort and agitation. The electronic alarm in choice D is the most effective and least intrusive method to prevent wandering while respecting the client's autonomy.
Which statement by the nurse indicates a good understanding of postpartum blues?
- A. You need to get involved with taking care of this baby.
- B. You are lucky to have a healthy baby. The patient in the next room would give anything to be in your place.
- C. You look tired. Why dont you rest for a bit and I will come back later to start some teaching.
- D. I will call the social worker to check into alternate caregiving for the new baby.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This response (C) indicates understanding that postpartum blues is transient and that time and rest are major healers. The other responses (A, B, D) are judgmental or inappropriate.
Theories based on study of the brain and its activities are called:
- A. Social
- B. Biological
- C. Psychological
- D. Psychobiological
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Biological. Theories based on the brain and its activities fall under the field of biological psychology, which focuses on how biological factors influence behavior and mental processes. This includes studying brain structures, neural pathways, neurotransmitters, and their impact on behavior. Social (A) theories focus on interactions between individuals, Psychological (C) theories relate to mental processes and behavior, and Psychobiological (D) is a term that could be used interchangeably with Biological but is less commonly used. Hence, the most specific and appropriate term for theories related to the brain is Biological.
A nurse planning a group to help batterers learn more effective ways to cope would teach participants that the key component in wife battering is:
- A. The need for the batterer to control
- B. Alcohol abuse by the batterer
- C. History of psychotic behavior
- D. Failure of the woman to assert herself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The need for the batterer to control. This is the key component in wife battering, as it is rooted in the batterer's desire to establish power and dominance over their partner. Teaching batterers more effective ways to cope involves addressing this underlying need for control.
Explanation of other choices:
B: Alcohol abuse by the batterer - While alcohol abuse may exacerbate violent behavior, it is not the primary cause of wife battering.
C: History of psychotic behavior - Psychotic behavior may contribute to violence, but it is not the key component in wife battering.
D: Failure of the woman to assert herself - Blaming the victim is not appropriate; the responsibility lies with the batterer's need for control.