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In an attempt to persuade employees to bargain for another type of health insurance, a handout is circulated that describes the present employees' health care insurance as being insensitive, limiting choices of care providers, and providing inferior care. This reflects which aspect of Lewin's planned change?
- A. Unfreeze
- B. Move
- C. Refreeze
- D. Acceptance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Unfreeze. In this scenario, the handout is aimed at creating dissatisfaction with the current state of health insurance among employees, which aligns with the unfreezing stage of Lewin's planned change model. Unfreezing involves creating awareness of the need for change by highlighting deficiencies in the current state. The handout is triggering employees to reevaluate their current health insurance and consider alternative options. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not capture the initial stage of creating dissatisfaction and readiness for change, as seen in the unfreezing phase.
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The first university to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree was:
- A. Columbia Teachers College.
- B. Yale University.
- C. Harvard University.
- D. the New York Regents Program.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Columbia Teachers College. This institution was the first to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree, pioneering the advancement of nursing education. Columbia Teachers College had a dedicated nursing program that emphasized academic and clinical training, setting the standard for future nursing education.
Explanation:
A: Columbia Teachers College - Correct. Pioneered baccalaureate degree for nursing graduates.
B: Yale University - Incorrect. Not historically known for offering the first baccalaureate degree in nursing.
C: Harvard University - Incorrect. Focused on medical education, not nursing, at the time.
D: New York Regents Program - Incorrect. Not a university and did not offer baccalaureate degrees in nursing.
A novice nurse is unsure how to correctly administer an injection using the Z-track method. What is the best approach for learning this procedure?
- A. Read the procedure manual and follow the steps exactly.
- B. Make an appointment at the skills laboratory of the former nursing school to practice.
- C. Ask to observe the skill as it is being performed; then perform it under direct supervision.
- D. Try to remember how the task was previously performed during a simulation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ask to observe the skill as it is being performed; then perform it under direct supervision. This approach allows the novice nurse to learn through observation and hands-on practice under direct supervision, ensuring proper technique and safety. By observing the skill first, the nurse can understand the correct steps and potential challenges. Performing the skill under supervision provides real-time feedback and guidance. This method promotes active learning and confidence-building.
Rationale for incorrect choices:
A: Reading the procedure manual is helpful but may not provide the necessary hands-on experience and immediate feedback required for skill acquisition.
B: Practicing in a skills laboratory can be beneficial, but it may not offer the opportunity for direct supervision and feedback from experienced professionals.
D: Trying to remember from a previous simulation may not be reliable and lacks the real-time guidance and correction needed for skill mastery.
A patient states, "My cancer is in remission finally after all that chemotherapy, my friend used the same chemotherapy and wasn't so lucky. I want to continue participating in spiritual care and 'mind games' to keep my memory intact. I am also enrolled in Tai chi, but I just can't stop thinking about my sick lung." This patient adheres to which principle underlying alternative healing?
- A. A negative alteration in the body produces a parallel effect on the mind and spirit.
- B. The body can heal itself with the help of complementary alternative therapies.
- C. Approaches to therapy are individualized.
- D. There is a focus on the total lifestyle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. The patient believes in the power of complementary alternative therapies to help the body heal itself.
2. This aligns with the principle underlying alternative healing, which emphasizes the body's innate ability to heal.
3. By engaging in spiritual care, mind games, Tai chi, and focusing on memory and lung health, the patient is supporting the body's natural healing processes.
4. This choice is correct as it reflects the patient's belief in utilizing alternative therapies to support the body's healing mechanisms.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. This choice suggests a negative alteration affecting the mind and spirit, which is not directly related to the patient's belief in complementary alternative therapies for healing.
C. While individualized approaches to therapy are important in alternative healing, this choice does not directly address the patient's belief in the body's ability to heal itself.
D. While focusing on total lifestyle is important in alternative healing, this choice does not directly
A public health nurse is interested in determining which educational programs are needed in the aggregates served. The researcher personally interviews individuals who are walking on the streets in the community. This type of research design is:
- A. quasi-experimental.
- B. survey.
- C. case study.
- D. ethnography.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: survey. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting personal interviews with individuals to gather information about educational program needs. Surveys involve collecting data from a sample of individuals through questioning, making it suitable for this situation.
A: Quasi-experimental designs involve manipulation of variables and comparison of groups, which is not evident in this scenario.
C: Case studies focus on in-depth analysis of a single case or a small group, not the entire community as in this case.
D: Ethnography involves studying a group's culture and behavior over an extended period, which is not the main focus of the nurse's research.
When assessing an ethical issue, the nurse must first:
- A. ask, "What is the issue?"
- B. identify all possible alternatives.
- C. select the best option from a list of alternatives.
- D. justify the choice of action or inaction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because before addressing any ethical issue, it is vital to first identify and define the issue clearly. This helps in understanding the context and scope of the problem. Without knowing the specific ethical issue at hand, it is impossible to proceed with identifying alternatives, selecting the best option, or justifying the choice of action. Therefore, asking "What is the issue?" is the initial step in the ethical decision-making process.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect because identifying alternatives comes after defining the issue.
- Option C is incorrect as selecting the best option should be based on a clear understanding of the issue.
- Option D is incorrect as justifying actions or inactions should come after determining the ethical problem.