Nokea
In an underdeveloped country, the nurse observes the natives lighting ritual fires and pounding on primitive drums around the sick person to promote recovery. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating the natives believe illness results from which items?
- A. Pathogens and genetics
- B. Evil spirits
- C. Tides and planets
- D. Plants and animals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evil spirits. The natives believe in a spiritual or supernatural cause of illness, as evidenced by their rituals involving fires and drums to ward off or appease evil spirits. This belief aligns with cultural practices in many underdeveloped countries where illness is often attributed to spiritual factors rather than pathogens or genetics (choice A), tides and planets (choice C), or plants and animals (choice D). The rituals surrounding the sick person suggest a belief in the influence of evil spirits on health, making option B the most appropriate choice.
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What term is used to identify a situation where a specific target and method of attack are identified by a reliable source, such as a bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building in a local community?
- A. Credible threat
- B. Biological event
- C. National disaster
- D. All-hazards approach
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Credible threat. A credible threat refers to a specific target and method of attack identified by a reliable source. In this scenario, the bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building fits the definition of a credible threat.
Choice B: Biological event is incorrect because it does not align with the given scenario of a known terrorist group targeting a government building with a bomb.
Choice C: National disaster is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the specific situation of a targeted attack by a terrorist group.
Choice D: All-hazards approach is incorrect because it is a comprehensive strategy for addressing various types of emergencies, not specifically focused on a credible threat like the one described in the question.
Who were the first public health nurses who provided care for the sick and the poor?
- A. The Presbyterian Church
- B. Salerno
- C. Jewish scholars
- D. Convent deaconesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Convent deaconesses. They were the first public health nurses providing care for the sick and poor in the early centuries. They were trained and devoted to serving the community, establishing the foundation for modern public health nursing. The other choices, A: The Presbyterian Church, B: Salerno, and C: Jewish scholars, are incorrect as they do not align with the historical context of the first public health nurses.
Which statement about the U.S. healthcare system made by the nurse is untrue and inaccurate?
- A. There is no central agency governing the healthcare system.
- B. Access to healthcare is available to all persons regardless of ability to pay.
- C. Legal risk must be considered when providing healthcare.
- D. High-tech equipment is available but payment for its use is troublesome to the system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare in the U.S. is not universally available regardless of ability to pay. This is inaccurate as many individuals face financial barriers to healthcare due to lack of insurance or high costs. Choice A is true as there is no central agency governing the U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is also true as legal risk is an important consideration in healthcare delivery. Choice D is true as high-tech equipment availability and payment issues are challenges in the healthcare system.
Which title identifies a nurse who is responsible for following the patient from admission through discharge or resolution of illness while working with a broad range of health care providers?
- A. Team leader in nursing care delivery
- B. Case manager
- C. Nurse manager
- D. Coordinator of patient-centered care delivery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Case manager. A case manager is responsible for coordinating care for a patient from admission to discharge, collaborating with various healthcare providers. This role involves ensuring continuity of care, facilitating communication, and advocating for the patient's needs. Choice A, team leader in nursing care delivery, focuses on leading a team of nurses but does not encompass the broader coordination of care. Choice C, nurse manager, involves overseeing a unit or department rather than individual patient care. Choice D, coordinator of patient-centered care delivery, lacks the specific focus on following the patient through the entire care process.
Which intervention demonstrates Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing?
- A. Respecting the patient's culture and incorporating cultural needs
- B. Promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner
- C. Understanding how to motivate people to practice a healthy lifestyle and reduce risks
- D. Teaching other nurses how to deliver the highest quality of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner aligns with Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing. Nightingale emphasized the importance of considering the physical, emotional, and social aspects of patients' well-being. This approach focuses on addressing the whole person rather than just the illness.
Respecting the patient's culture and incorporating cultural needs (A) is important in providing patient-centered care, but it does not directly align with Nightingale's theory. Understanding how to motivate people to practice a healthy lifestyle and reduce risks (C) is relevant to health promotion but does not fully capture the holistic approach of Nightingale. Teaching other nurses how to deliver the highest quality of care (D) is essential for professional development but does not specifically reflect Nightingale's holistic nursing philosophy.