In any programme target refers to:
- A. set of activities
- B. objective of programme
- C. degree of achievement
- D. evaluation to be done
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets in programs refer to the degree or level of achievement expected.
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Should the case definition for surveillance match the clinical case definition?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surveillance and clinical case definitions may differ because they serve different purposes; clinical definitions focus on treatment, while surveillance definitions optimize detection.
The measure of central location most commonly used with the interquartile range is the:
- A. Arithmetic mean
- B. Geometric mean
- C. Median
- D. Midrange
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The median is typically paired with the IQR to summarize data.
What methodologic difficulties exist with respect to investigations of the health effects of these forms of radiation?
- A. Difficulty measuring exposure levels accurately.
- B. Lack of available funding for research.
- C. Public resistance to participation in studies.
- D. Overabundance of conclusive evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accurately quantifying exposure to EMFs and ionizing radiation poses significant challenges due to variability and complexity.
Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
Qualitative data is not generated by
- A. Focus group discussion
- B. Observation
- C. Questionnaire
- D. Interviews
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Qualitative data is generally not collected through structured questionnaires, which are more suited for quantitative data.