Nokea
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.
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What is meant by determinants in epidemiology?
- A. Factors influencing disease occurrence.
- B. Only genetic factors.
- C. Only environmental factors.
- D. Only behavioral factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Determinants encompass all factors—biological, environmental, and social—that contribute to disease occurrence.
Define the following terms: synergism
- A. The combined effect of two factors is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
- B. The combined effect of two factors is less than the sum of their individual effects.
- C. The neutralization of one factor by another.
- D. The isolation of one factor from another.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Synergism occurs when two or more factors interact to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Which is not related to marriage?
- A. Polygamy
- B. living together
- C. love
- D. divorce
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Love is an emotion and not directly a legal or formal aspect of marriage.
Should the case definition for surveillance match the clinical case definition?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surveillance and clinical case definitions may differ because they serve different purposes; clinical definitions focus on treatment, while surveillance definitions optimize detection.
when research topic is not novel and relevant:
- A. correct it
- B. change it
- C. read more about it
- D. review articles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a research topic lacks novelty and relevance, changing it is advisable.