Nokea
What methodologic difficulties exist with respect to investigations of the health effects of these forms of radiation?
- A. Difficulty measuring exposure levels accurately.
- B. Lack of available funding for research.
- C. Public resistance to participation in studies.
- D. Overabundance of conclusive evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accurately quantifying exposure to EMFs and ionizing radiation poses significant challenges due to variability and complexity.
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Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.
Which of the following opportunistic fungal infection is seen in AIDS?
- A. candida
- B. Cryptococcus
- C. coccidioides
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All these fungal infections are commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS.
In any programme target refers to:
- A. set of activities
- B. objective of programme
- C. degree of achievement
- D. evaluation to be done
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets in programs refer to the degree or level of achievement expected.
Ergonomics is related to
- A. Economics
- B. Agriculture
- C. Engineering means to reduce occupational hazards
- D. Agricultural economics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ergonomics involves engineering principles to design workspaces and tools that reduce occupational hazards.