Nokea
Qualitative data is not generated by
- A. Focus group discussion
- B. Observation
- C. Questionnaire
- D. Interviews
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Qualitative data is generally not collected through structured questionnaires, which are more suited for quantitative data.
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Which of the following is not a method to control for the effects of confounding?
- A. Randomization
- B. Stratification
- C. Matching
- D. Blinding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blinding primarily reduces information bias, not confounding. Methods like randomization, stratification, and matching are specifically used to address confounding.
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.
Median age of old population is
- A. more than 30 years
- B. more than 40 years
- C. 50 years
- D. 60 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older populations typically include individuals above 30 years.
Define the following terms: synergism
- A. The combined effect of two factors is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
- B. The combined effect of two factors is less than the sum of their individual effects.
- C. The neutralization of one factor by another.
- D. The isolation of one factor from another.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Synergism occurs when two or more factors interact to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Which is not related to marriage?
- A. Polygamy
- B. living together
- C. love
- D. divorce
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Love is an emotion and not directly a legal or formal aspect of marriage.