Nokea
Net reproduction rate (NRR=1) implies a couple protection rate (CPR) of
- A. 50
- B. 60
- C. 70
- D. 80
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An NRR of 1 indicates replacement-level fertility, which corresponds to a CPR of approximately 50% in most populations.
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On which day and at which meal was exposure most likely in the norovirus outbreak among tourists?
- A. April 19 Dinner
- B. April 20 Breakfast
- C. April 20 Lunch
- D. April 20 Dinner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Given the incubation period, dinner on April 20 aligns with symptom onset timing.
Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
Vitiate value which repeats maximum number of times is known as:
- A. Mean
- B. Median
- C. Mode
- D. Average
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.
Which of the following data sources are best able to provide numerator data for the calculation of incidence of death by gunshot?
- A. Hospital discharge survey
- B. Autopsy or coroners' records
- C. National Health Survey
- D. Disease registries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autopsy or coroner's records provide direct evidence of gunshot-related fatalities, essential for calculating incidence.
Health education on early diagnosis and treatment is
- A. primary prevention
- B. secondary prevention
- C. tertiary prevention
- D. primordial prevention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention to halt or slow the progression of disease.