Nokea
In assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for which of the following risk factors?
- A. Positive family history
- B. Infectious agents or toxins
- C. Acute or chronic blood loss
- D. Inadequate dietary intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is primarily caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. However, chronic blood loss can also lead to anemia by depleting the body's iron stores necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. Acute blood loss can quickly lower the hemoglobin levels in the blood, while chronic blood loss can lead to iron-deficiency anemia over time. Therefore, in assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for the risk factor of acute or chronic blood loss as a potential cause of anemia.
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Low birth weight or premature infants are screened for anemia at birth and again at the age of
- A. 2 months
- B. 4 months
- C. 6 months
- D. 8 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anemia screening for low birth weight or premature infants is recommended at 6 months.
The following are known to be causes of hepatitis except:
- A. virus
- B. toxin
- C. bacteria
- D. chemicals and drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and it can be caused by viruses, toxins, or chemicals and drugs. Bacteria, however, do not typically cause hepatitis. Common viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, and C. Toxins like alcohol and certain medications, as well as exposure to chemicals, can also lead to hepatitis. Therefore, bacteria are not considered one of the primary causes of hepatitis.
JR is admitted to the medical-surgical unit because of a diagnosis of nephritic syndrome. What is the hallmark of this syndrome?
- A. osmotic dieresis
- B. hypolipidemia
- C. edema
- D. hyperproteinemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased kidney function. The hallmark symptom of nephritic syndrome is edema, which occurs due to the loss of proteins in the urine as a result of damaged glomeruli. The loss of proteins leads to a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure, causing fluid to leak out from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, resulting in edema. Osmotic diuresis, hypolipidemia, and hyperproteinemia are not typically associated with nephritic syndrome.
Building a tower by a 22-month-old child requires
- A. visual-motor coordination
- B. uses objects and actions in combination
- C. gross motor to solve problems
- D. fine motor and symbolic thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At this age, building a tower involves fine motor skills and symbolic thinking.
Which of the ff signs may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with tonsillar infection if group A streptococci is the cause?
- A. White patches on the tonsils
- B. Hypertrophied tonsils
- C. Hemorrhage in the tonsils
- D. Bleeding in the tonsils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of white patches on the tonsils is a visual sign that may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with a tonsillar infection caused by group A streptococci. These white patches are known as exudates and can be a characteristic feature of streptococcal tonsillitis. These exudates may range in appearance from small white spots to larger patches that cover the tonsils. Additionally, other signs commonly associated with streptococcal tonsillitis may include swollen and red tonsils, fever, sore throat, and sometimes swollen lymph nodes in the neck. It is important to note that definitive diagnosis often requires laboratory testing such as a rapid strep test or throat culture to confirm the presence of group A streptococci.