Nokea
In assessing the health condition of school children which of the following would be the finding common to this age group?
- A. Cancer and other malignancies
- B. Anemia and other blood disorders
- C. Lice and parasites
- D. Fractures and injuries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In assessing the health condition of school children, anemia and other blood disorders are more commonly observed in this age group compared to cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries. Anemia is a common health issue among children due to various factors such as poor nutrition, iron deficiency, and infections. Regular screening for anemia is important in school-age children to prevent long-term complications and to promote their overall health and well-being. While cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries can also occur in school children, anemia and blood disorders are more prevalent in this age group.
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A pregnant woman presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding at 34 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is found to be closed. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Abruptio placentae
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to painless vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In the scenario described, the painless, bright red vaginal bleeding at 34 weeks gestation with a closed cervix is classic for placenta previa. This condition is more common in the third trimester and can be diagnosed through ultrasound. It is important to manage placenta previa carefully to prevent complications such as severe bleeding, preterm birth, and maternal/fetal distress.
A pregnant woman presents with severe lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge. On examination, cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness are noted, along with bilateral adnexal masses. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The constellation of severe lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman raises suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness are classic physical exam findings for PID. The presence of bilateral adnexal masses further supports the diagnosis, as PID can lead to the formation of tubo-ovarian abscesses. Ectopic pregnancy may present with similar symptoms but is less likely in this case as bilateral adnexal masses suggest a more diffuse inflammatory process. Placenta previa would typically present with painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, which is not consistent with the symptoms described. Ovarian torsion would present with sudden severe unilateral lower abdominal pain and is less likely to involve both ovaries simultaneously.
Which of the following actions is indicated in the management of a patient with an open chest wound (sucking chest wound)?
- A. Applying a sterile dressing and occlusive dressing.
- B. Administering supplemental oxygen.
- C. Providing reassurance and emotional support.
- D. Elevating the patient's legs to improve venous return.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An open chest wound, also known as a sucking chest wound, can lead to a collapsed lung and respiratory distress. Immediate management involves sealing the wound to prevent air from entering the pleural space and further compromising the patient's respiratory function. Applying a sterile dressing over the wound helps to prevent contamination and occluding the wound with an airtight covering, such as an occlusive dressing, can effectively reduce the risk of a tension pneumothorax, a serious complication that can arise from a sucking chest wound. These interventions help to stabilize the patient's condition and improve the chances of a successful recovery. Administering supplemental oxygen, though beneficial, would be secondary to the primary management of sealing the chest wound. Providing emotional support is important but addressing the physical emergency takes precedence. Elevating the patient's legs would not be appropriate in managing an open chest wound.
The mother of the family asked Nurse Emma how to apply the anti -scabies lotion. The nurse should teach the family to apply anti -scabies lotion to _________.
- A. all skin areas
- B. open lesions
- C. affected skin
- D. Reddened areas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to apply anti-scabies lotion is to cover all skin areas, not just the affected areas or red areas. Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by mites burrowing into the skin, so applying the lotion to all skin areas helps to eliminate the mites and prevent reinfestation. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare professional for proper application and treatment of scabies.
The nurse suspects that a client has multiple myeloma based on the client's major presenting symptom and the analysis of laboratory results. What classic manifestation for multiple myeloma does the nurse assess for?
- A. Debilitating fatigue
- B. Gradual muscle paralysis
- C. Bone pain in the back of the ribs
- D. Severe thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone pain in the back of the ribs is a classic manifestation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that primarily affects plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to weakened bones and bone pain. Patients with multiple myeloma often experience bone pain in areas such as the ribs, spine, and pelvis. The bone pain is typically persistent and worsens with movement or pressure. Additionally, other common symptoms of multiple myeloma include anemia, kidney damage, recurrent infections, and elevated calcium levels in the blood.