Nokea
In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID):
- A. B cells are totally absent
- B. There is increased incidence of autoimmune disorders in families of affected members
- C. IgA levels are characteristically normal
- D. T lymphocytes are usually affected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CVID is associated with an increased incidence of autoimmune disorders in families of affected individuals.
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Hypoglycemia in an infant is defined as whole blood glucose level less than
- A. 40 mg/dl
- B. 50 mg/dl
- C. 60 mg/dl
- D. 80 mg/dl
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia in infants is defined as a whole blood glucose level less than 40 mg/dl, as this threshold is critical for brain function.
The following syndromes are caused by chromosomal abnormalities:
- A. Cri-du-chat syndrome
- B. Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- C. Marfan's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turner's syndrome: Turner's syndrome is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart defects.
Patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis include those with all of the following EXCEPT
- A. repaired simple atrial septic defect
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. rheumatic fever heart disease
- D. palliative vascular shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repaired simple atrial septal defects are not considered a risk for bacterial endocarditis unless there are residual defects.
A client with a history of asthma and bronchitis arrives at the clinic with shortness of breath, productive cough with thickened tenacious mucous, and the inability to walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing breathlessness. Which action is most important for the nurse to instruct the client about self-care?
- A. Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions
- B. Avoid crowded enclosed areas to reduce pathogen exposure
- C. Call the clinic if undesirable side effects of mediations occur
- D. Teach anxiety reduction methods for feelings of suffocation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps to thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate and improving airway clearance.
A client with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has localized pain and inflammation of the fingers and feet; swelling, redness, and restricted joint motion; and reports feeling fatigued. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this client?
- A. Pain related to joint inflammation
- B. Impaired physical mobility.
- C. Risk for infection.
- D. Disturbed sleep pattern.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain is the most immediate and distressing symptom for the client and should be addressed first to improve comfort and quality of life.