Nokea
In D-transposition of the great vessels, accounts for =5% of all congenital heart disease. In this anomaly, the following are true EXCEPT
- A. the pulmonary artery is anterior and to the left of the aorta
- B. pulmonary veins return to the left atrium
- C. connections between the atria and ventricles are normal
- D. aorta is posterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pulmonary artery is anterior and to the left of the aorta in normal anatomy.
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All the following antimalarials act by forming heme complexes which are toxic to the parasite except
- A. Primaquine
- B. Chloroquine
- C. Mefloquine
- D. Quinidine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primaquine does not act by forming heme complexes; it works through a different mechanism.
What is the recommended hourly maintenance fluid rate (water) for a 20 kg child?
- A. 50 ml/hour
- B. 60 ml/hour
- C. 80 ml/hour
- D. 100 ml/hour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended hourly maintenance fluid rate for a 20 kg child is 60 ml/hour, calculated using the formula: 100 ml/kg for the first 10 kg + 50 ml/kg for the next 10 kg.
The following are characters of venous hum EXCEPT
- A. continuous murmur heard in infraclavicular region
- B. grades louder with mane compression
- C. l-lll/Vl in supine position
- D. with jugular vein changes in patient position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Venous hums are continuous murmurs that change with position and compression but do not grade louder with mane compression.
What is accurate about the characteristics of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?
- A. They have high amounts of triglycerides.
- B. They have only small amounts of protein.
- C. They have little cholesterol.
- D. They aid in steroid production.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HDLs have low amounts of triglycerides, large amounts of proteins, low amounts of cholesterol, and are excreted via the liver. They have no role in the production of steroids.
A 7-year-old child who has a history of a repaired congenital heart defect (CHD)has many dental caries along with gingival erythema and irritation and a temperature of 102.5°F. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next?
- A. Admit to the hospital with a pediatric cardiology consult.
- B. Obtain blood cultures and a CBC and consult a pediatric cardiologist.
- C. Refer the child to a pediatric dental surgeon immediately.
- D. Start prophylactic antibiotics such as penicillin twice daily for 2 weeks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children who are suspected of having SBE should be admitted to the hospital and referred to pediatric cardiology.