Nokea
In embryonic period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. formation of ectoderm by 8 days
- B. formation of mesoderm by 10 weeks
- C. formation of endoderm by 3 cm crown-rump length
- D. formation of human embryo is about 6 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The formation of the human embryo is completed by 8 weeks, not 6 weeks.
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The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child seems always angry, hostile, or depressed. To what are these behaviors most likely related?
- A. Neurologic manifestations that occur with dialysis
- B. Physiologic manifestations of renal disease
- C. Adolescents having few coping mechanisms
- D. Adolescents often resenting the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents often resent the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis. Adolescence is a challenging time marked by striving for independence and autonomy. When adolescents have to rely on medical interventions like dialysis that impose control and dependence, it can lead to feelings of anger, hostility, and depression. This is a normal psychological response to feeling restricted and not in control of their own lives. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize these emotions and provide support and coping strategies to help the adolescent adjust to the situation.
Which is instituted for the therapeutic management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Antihypertensive agents
- C. Long-term diuretics
- D. Increased fluids to promote diuresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, and corticosteroids are highly effective in inducing remission in these patients. They work by reducing inflammation and decreasing the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys, thereby reducing proteinuria. Antihypertensive agents are used to control blood pressure in patients with renal involvement, and long-term diuretics are not typically recommended in nephrotic syndrome due to the risk of worsening kidney function. Increased fluids to promote diuresis are also not indicated as the primary treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent brought to the hospital with acute drug toxicity. Cocaine is believed to be the drug involved. Data collection should include what information?
- A. Mode of administration
- B. Drug's actual content
- C. Function the drug plays in the adolescent's life
- D. Adolescent's level of interest in rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for an adolescent with acute drug toxicity, it is important to gather information on the mode of administration of the drug to understand how it was taken into the body. This information can help the healthcare team determine the extent of drug exposure, potential complications, and appropriate treatment strategies. The mode of administration can include ingestion, inhalation, injection, or other routes, and each method may have different implications for the patient's condition. Understanding how the drug was administered is crucial in managing the adolescent's care effectively.
Several hours after returning from surgery, the nurse tells the patient that she is ordered to be ambulated. The patient asks, "Why?" Which of the following complications would the nurse correctly explain can be prevented by early postoperative ambulation?
- A. Increased peristalsis
- B. Coughing
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Wound healing  A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Early postoperative ambulation is important for preventing complications such as pneumonia. When a patient remains immobile for an extended period after surgery, they are at an increased risk of developing pneumonia due to decreased lung expansion and secretions pooling in the lungs. Ambulation helps improve lung function, promote better oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications like pneumonia. In contrast, increased peristalsis helps prevent constipation, coughing helps prevent respiratory complications as well, and wound healing is not directly related to the need for early postoperative ambulation.
Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. age of 2-3 year
- B. signs of inflammation or infection
- C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
- D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.