Nokea
In face presentation, obstructed labor is likely to result because
- A. The face is an ill-fitting presenting part
- B. Of the larger presenting diameters
- C. Of failure in molding unlike in vertex delivery
- D. Of presence of a caput succedaneum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In face presentation, the face is an ill-fitting presenting part, leading to obstructed labor. The face has larger diameters, making it difficult to pass through the birth canal. This differs from vertex delivery where the head can mold to fit. Caput succedaneum is swelling of the soft tissues on the baby's head and does not directly cause obstructed labor.
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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment for cancer is given to facilitate surgical resection. When the outcomes of cancer therapies are evaluated, the terms complete response and partial response often are used. Partial response means that
- A. 50% of the patients treated with a given regimen demonstrate remission
- B. 50% of the patients treated survive to the 5-year point
- C. The tumor mass has reduced by > 50%
- D. In 50% of cases, the tumor converts from unresectable to resectable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a partial response means converting an unresectable tumor to a resectable one. This is crucial as it allows for successful surgical removal of the tumor. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately define partial response in the context of cancer therapy. A, stating 50% of patients demonstrating remission, is not specific to the change in resectability. B, mentioning 50% survival at 5 years, is more related to overall survival rather than the response to treatment. C, stating a reduction in tumor mass by >50%, does not necessarily imply a change in resectability status. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate definition of partial response in the given scenario.
Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, not just during labor.
Step 2: Mother with active TB can transmit the bacteria to the child during childbirth.
Step 3: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission never occurs during labor is false.
Summary: Choice B is correct because TB transmission can occur during labor, making Choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are irrelevant.
The MAIN aim of encouraging plenty of fluids to a postnatal client with urinary tract trauma is to
- A. Keep client well hydrated
- B. Maintain proper fluid balance
- C. Facilitate proper healing
- D. Control growth of organisms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep client well hydrated. Encouraging plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration, maintain adequate urine output, and promote flushing of the urinary tract to prevent infections, all crucial for postnatal clients with urinary tract trauma. Proper hydration also supports overall health and aids in the healing process.
B: Maintain proper fluid balance - While important, the main aim is to keep the client well hydrated to support healing.
C: Facilitate proper healing - Proper hydration does facilitate healing, but the primary aim is to keep the client well hydrated.
D: Control growth of organisms - While hydration can help in preventing infections, the main aim is to keep the client well hydrated.
Complete placenta praevia is also referred to as
- A. Type 4
- B. Type 1
- C. Type 2
- D. Type 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placenta praevia is classified into four types based on the degree of coverage of the cervix by the placenta. Complete placenta praevia, where the internal os is completely covered by the placenta, is referred to as Type 4. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the specific condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the classification system for placenta praevia.
The fetal head retracting against the perineum is a
- A. Gaskin sign
- B. Turtle sign
- C. Klumpke sign
- D. Chignon sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turtle sign. This occurs when the fetal head retracts against the perineum during delivery, resembling a turtle retracting into its shell. This indicates fetal shoulder dystocia, a serious complication. Gaskin sign (A) refers to the position of the mother during labor. Klumpke sign (C) is related to brachial plexus injuries during delivery. Chignon sign (D) is not a recognized term in obstetrics.