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In February 2010, Congress passed legislation to support universal health care for all Americans. At a local health fair, an individual asks about the difference between universal health care and a single payer system. The nurse explains the difference is that:
- A. with universal health, one universal payer, usually the government, pays all expenses for health care.
- B. single-payer systems offer health care only to eligible persons based on income.
- C. single-payer systems rely on insurance companies to pay predetermined fees for services.
- D. with universal health, one payer is responsible for all health care costs, providing health care to all citizens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system.
Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs.
Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly.
Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.
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The priority intervention to improve work-related quality of life for nurses is to:
- A. provide safe harbors for unjust or unsafe work assignments.
- B. improve nurse physician communications.
- C. require professional development courses for bedside nurses.
- D. determine strategies to improve vertical working relationships between staff nurses and nursing administration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: provide safe harbors for unjust or unsafe work assignments. This is the priority intervention because ensuring a safe work environment is crucial for nurses' well-being and quality of life. By addressing unjust or unsafe work assignments, nurses can feel supported and protected, leading to improved job satisfaction and overall quality of life.
Option B: improving nurse-physician communications is important but not as critical as ensuring a safe work environment. Option C: requiring professional development courses is beneficial but may not directly address the immediate concerns of nurses' quality of life. Option D: improving vertical working relationships is important, but addressing unsafe work conditions should take precedence for nurses' well-being.
A patient is eligible to change health care providers and insurance and asks, "I am interested in health promotion activities; I walk, swim, and eat healthy. Which health insurance plan would support these activities rather than just pay for services when I am sick"? Which, if any, health insurance plan would best meet the needs of this patient?
- A. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO).
- B. Fee for Service.
- C. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO).
- D. None, because health insurance plans currently cover only disease management, not preventive care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). HMOs focus on preventive care and health promotion activities, such as regular check-ups, screenings, and wellness programs. They emphasize keeping patients healthy and offer incentives for healthy behaviors. This aligns with the patient's interest in health promotion activities like walking, swimming, and eating healthy.
Choice B (Fee for Service) typically does not emphasize preventive care and may not provide the support for the patient's health promotion activities.
Choice C (Preferred Provider Organization - PPO) may offer some preventive care services, but HMOs are more structured and proactive in promoting health and wellness.
Choice D is incorrect because many health insurance plans, including HMOs, cover preventive care and health promotion activities to encourage overall well-being.
A group of graduates were just notified that they had successfully passed the licensure examination. During the orientation process at the hospital, one asks, "I am looking at my license, but I don't really know the duties performed by the board of nursing." The staff development nurse explains that the board of nursing: (select all that apply)
- A. grants nursing licensure.
- B. constructs the licensure examination.
- C. assigns disciplinary action when the nurse acts in a manner that results in harm to a patient.
- D. members are appointed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: grants nursing licensure. The board of nursing is responsible for overseeing the licensure process for nurses, ensuring that they meet the necessary qualifications to practice. They review applications, conduct background checks, and issue licenses to qualified individuals. This is a fundamental duty of the board of nursing, as it regulates the nursing profession and ensures public safety.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Constructs the licensure examination - While the board of nursing may have input in the development of the licensure examination, their primary role is not the construction of the exam itself.
C: Assigns disciplinary action when the nurse acts in a manner that results in harm to a patient - While the board of nursing does have the authority to investigate and take disciplinary action against nurses who violate the nursing practice act, this is not their primary function.
D: Members are appointed - This choice is irrelevant to the duties performed by the board of nursing and does not directly relate to their responsibilities in granting
When paper-and-pencil medical records are compared with computer-based records:
- A. paper-and-pencil records provide controls to determine who has viewed the health information.
- B. information contained in a paper-and-pencil record has the capability of being more in-depth than that found in computer-based records.
- C. patients have the right to know that the confidentiality of their records is strictly maintained, regardless of the type of medical record used.
- D. patients must sign for each item of information released on the computer record.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A is correct as paper-and-pencil records can physically track who accessed them, ensuring privacy and security. B is incorrect as computer-based records can also be detailed. C is irrelevant to the comparison. D is incorrect as signing for each item is not a standard practice in computer-based records.
A nurse is responsible for determining the incidence rates of hospital-acquired diarrhea on a pediatric ward after receiving reports that five children admitted with uncontrolled asthma had developed diarrhea while hospitalized. The nurse is working in the role of:
- A. quality management.
- B. infection control.
- C. occupational health.
- D. forensics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: infection control. In this scenario, the nurse is focusing on preventing and controlling the spread of hospital-acquired diarrhea among pediatric patients. By investigating the incidence rates and implementing measures to reduce the risk of infection transmission, the nurse is fulfilling the role of infection control. Quality management (A) focuses on improving processes and outcomes, not specifically on infection prevention. Occupational health (C) involves ensuring workplace safety for employees, not patient infection control. Forensics (D) involves investigating and analyzing evidence related to crimes or legal matters, not infection control in a healthcare setting.