Nokea
In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen
- B. 12 weeks - external genitalia formed
- C. 24 weeks - surfactant production begun
- D. 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Face recognition typically occurs earlier than 26 weeks.
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Chemotherapy has a major role in many childhood CNS tumors. In which of the following tumors is chemotherapy not effective?
- A. pilocytic astrocytoma
- B. craniopharyngioma
- C. pineoblastoma
- D. supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNETs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally low-grade and less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other listed tumors.
A nurse caring for a patient with a herniated lumbar disk develops a plan of care for impaired mobility related to nerve compression. Which patient outcome indicates that the plan has been successful?
- A. The patient rates the pain at 3 to 4 on a 0 to 10 scale
- B. The patient has full ROM of the upper extremities
- C. The patient demonstrates correct self-administration of analgesics
- D. The patient is able to ambulate 25 feet without pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient being able to ambulate 25 feet without pain is the most appropriate outcome to indicate the success of the plan for impaired mobility related to nerve compression due to a herniated lumbar disk. This outcome directly reflects an improvement in mobility, which is the primary goal when addressing impaired mobility caused by nerve compression. A reduction in pain intensity (choice A) is important but not as specific to mobility impairment. Having full range of motion (choice B) in the upper extremities is not directly related to the issue of lumbar disk herniation. Correct self-administration of analgesics (choice C) is important for pain management but does not directly reflect improvement in mobility.
Gender identity disorder (GID) is characterized by intense and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s own sex. In early school-age children, the manifestation that is LEAST likely considered as GID is
- A. dressing as a member of the opposite sex (i.e., cross dressing)
- B. strong belief that one is the opposite sex
- C. exclusive preference for cross sex roles
- D. playing with toys designed for the opposite sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with toys designed for the opposite sex does not necessarily indicate GID, as it is a common exploratory behavior in childhood.
Which of the ff signs may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with tonsillar infection if group A streptococci is the cause?
- A. White patches on the tonsils
- B. Hypertrophied tonsils
- C. Hemorrhage in the tonsils
- D. Bleeding in the tonsils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of white patches on the tonsils is a visual sign that may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with a tonsillar infection caused by group A streptococci. These white patches are known as exudates and can be a characteristic feature of streptococcal tonsillitis. These exudates may range in appearance from small white spots to larger patches that cover the tonsils. Additionally, other signs commonly associated with streptococcal tonsillitis may include swollen and red tonsils, fever, sore throat, and sometimes swollen lymph nodes in the neck. It is important to note that definitive diagnosis often requires laboratory testing such as a rapid strep test or throat culture to confirm the presence of group A streptococci.
Spina bifida is one of the possible neural tube defects that can occur during early embryological development. Which of the following definitions most accurately describes meningocele? A.Complete exposure of spinal cord and meninges
- A. Herniation of spinal cord and meninges into a sac
- B. Sac formation containing meninges and spinal fluid
- C. B and C
- D. Spinal cord tumor containing nerve roots
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect in which there is herniation of the meninges (protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) through a defect in the spinal column. This results in the formation of a sac-like protrusion that contains the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid but does not involve the spinal cord itself. In meningocele, the spinal cord remains in its normal position within the spinal canal. This condition is typically associated with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that occurs during early embryological development. Unlike myelomeningocele, which involves both the spinal cord and meninges protruding through the spinal column, meningocele specifically refers to the presence of a sac containing the meninges and spinal fluid without direct involvement of the spinal cord.