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Gender identity disorder (GID) is characterized by intense and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s own sex. In early school-age children, the manifestation that is LEAST likely considered as GID is
- A. dressing as a member of the opposite sex (i.e., cross dressing)
- B. strong belief that one is the opposite sex
- C. exclusive preference for cross sex roles
- D. playing with toys designed for the opposite sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with toys designed for the opposite sex does not necessarily indicate GID, as it is a common exploratory behavior in childhood.
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The nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find:
- A. hypotension
- B. thick, coarse skin
- C. deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area
- D. weight gain in arms and legs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body. One of the classic physical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome is the accumulation of adipose (fat) tissue in specific areas, such as the trunk (central obesity) and dorsocervical area (referred to as a "buffalo hump"). This redistribution of body fat is a key feature in Cushing's syndrome. The thick, coarse skin is commonly seen in conditions like acromegaly, not in Cushing's syndrome. Weight gain in the arms and legs is not a typical finding in Cushing's syndrome. Additionally, hypertension, rather than hypotension, is more commonly associated with excess cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome.
The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis?
- A. "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe."
- B. "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones."
- C. "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo."
- D. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should include in the explanation that in managing pediculosis capitis, it is necessary to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers since nits are attached to the hair shaft and can be difficult to wash out with regular shampoo. Removing the nits is crucial to prevent reinfestation, as they can hatch and start the cycle again. Cutting the hair shorter is not necessary unless the infestation is severe. It is important to distinguish viable (live) nits from nonviable (dead) ones and remove only the viable ones as the nonviable ones do not pose a threat of reinfestation.
Several types of seizures can occur in the newborn. Which is characteristic of clonic seizures?
- A. Apnea
- B. Tremors
- C. Rhythmic jerking movements
- D. Extensions of all four limbs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clonic seizures are characterized by rhythmic jerking movements, which can be brief and repetitive. These movements are typically observed in the arms and legs. During clonic seizures, the baby may display a pattern of contractions and relaxation of muscle groups, resulting in the jerking motion. This distinguishes clonic seizures from other types of seizures, making it the characteristic feature associated with this particular seizure type in newborns.
A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that adaptive immunity is provide by which type of white blood cell?
- A. Neutrophil
- B. Monocyte
- C. Basophil
- D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are the type of white blood cells that provide adaptive immunity. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and target certain pathogens (including HIV), while T cells have various functions in the immune response, such as directly killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. Adaptive immunity is characterized by the body's ability to remember specific pathogens and mount a targeted response upon subsequent exposures. In the context of HIV and AIDS, understanding the role of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity is essential for the client to comprehend how the virus affects the immune system and why immune function becomes compromised over time.
What are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period called?
- A. Milia
- B. Lanugo
- C. Mongolian spots
- D. Cutis marmorata
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milia are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on the cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period. They are commonly found in newborns and usually resolve on their own without treatment. Milia are not harmful and are considered a normal physiological occurrence in newborns. Lanugo refers to fine, downy hair covering newborn infants, Mongolian spots are blue-grey birthmarks usually found on the lower back or buttocks of newborns, and Cutis marmorata is a vascular mottling of the skin in newborns.