Nokea
The thymus gland role with the immune system is which of the following?
- A. Maturates B cells
- B. Maturates platelets
- C. Maturates red blood cells
- D. Maturates T cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thymus gland plays a crucial role in the immune system as it is primarily responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes (T cells). T cells are essential for cell-mediated immunity and play a key role in recognizing and attacking pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. The thymus is where immature T cells mature and undergo education to ensure they can distinguish between self and non-self antigens effectively. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system to protect the body from infections and diseases.
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The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. "You will need to decrease the number of calories in your child's diet."
- B. "Your child's diet will need an increased amount of protein."
- C. "You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
- D. "Your child's diet will consist of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should include in the teaching that the parent will need to avoid adding salt to the child's food. This is important because reducing salt intake helps to decrease fluid retention and swelling in the body, which is critical for managing edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Excessive salt intake can worsen edema by causing the body to retain more fluid, so it is crucial to limit salt in the child's diet. This dietary modification can help improve the child's condition and overall health outcome.
Children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may experience autonomic dysfunction characterized by all the following EXCEPT
- A. elevated temperature
- B. elevated heart rate
- C. elevated respiratory rate
- D. lowered blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomic dysfunction in TBI typically involves elevated temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate due to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. Lowered blood pressure is less common and may indicate hypovolemia or other conditions rather than autonomic dysfunction.
When caring for a client, whose being treated for hyperthyroidism, it's important to:
- A. Provide extra blankets and clothing to keep the client warm.
- B. Monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy.
- C. Balance the client's periods of activity and rest.
- D. Encourage the client to be active to prevent constipation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When caring for a client with hyperthyroidism, it is important to monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy. Treatment for hyperthyroidism often involves thyroid replacement therapy to restore the balance of thyroid hormones in the body. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of overmedication or undermedication is crucial to ensure the client's health and well-being. Restlessness, sweating, and weight loss can be indicators of an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels and may require adjustments in medication dosage. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential in managing the client's condition effectively.
In teaching a female client who is HIV positive about pregnancy, the nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:
- A. "The baby can get the virus from my placenta."
- B. "I'm planning on starting on birth control pills."
- C. "Not everyone who has the virus gives birth to a baby who has the virus."
- D. "I'll need to have a C-section if I become pregnant and have a baby."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A indicates a misunderstanding about HIV transmission during pregnancy. In reality, with proper medical care and management during pregnancy and delivery, the risk of transmitting HIV from mother to baby can be significantly reduced but not completely eliminated. The virus can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, but it is not directly from the placenta. This misconception highlights the need for further education and clarification on the modes of HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. Options B, C, and D all demonstrate understanding and appropriate planning related to HIV and pregnancy.
The nurse is teaching nursing students about shock that occurs in children. What is one of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Congenital heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is blood loss. Children are at risk for blood loss due to trauma, surgical procedures, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other conditions that result in significant blood volume reduction. Blood loss leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume, which in turn reduces tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. This results in hypovolemic shock, where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, leading to organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, recognizing and addressing blood loss promptly is essential in managing hypovolemic shock in children.