Nokea
Which of the following terms would indicate to the nurse that a substance is toxic to the ear?
- A. Otoplasty
- B. Ototoxic
- C. Otalgia
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term "ototoxic" indicates that a substance has the potential to cause damage to the ear or auditory system. Ototoxic substances can lead to hearing loss or damage to the inner ear structures. Therefore, if a nurse encounters the term ototoxic in a clinical setting, it would indicate that the substance being discussed is toxic to the ear. The other options, otoplasty, otalgia, and tinnitus, do not specifically indicate toxicity to the ear.
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Chemotherapy has a major role in many childhood CNS tumors. In which of the following tumors is chemotherapy not effective?
- A. pilocytic astrocytoma
- B. craniopharyngioma
- C. pineoblastoma
- D. supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNETs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally low-grade and less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other listed tumors.
Which refers to a newborn whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts?
- A. Postterm
- B. Postmature
- C. Low birth weight
- D. Small for gestational age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A newborn who is small for gestational age (SGA) refers to a baby whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed, leading to a birth weight falling below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts. SGA infants are at an increased risk for various health complications due to their smaller size at birth, such as difficulties in regulating body temperature, low blood sugar, and respiratory distress. Postterm refers to a pregnancy that has extended beyond 42 weeks, while postmature refers specifically to a fetus that has been in the womb beyond the expected due date. Low birth weight may refer to a baby born below a certain weight threshold regardless of gestational age.
Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning?
- A. A simple developmental process
- B. Purposeful and goal-directed
- C. Based on deliberate and irrational thought
- D. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical reasoning is a complex cognitive process used by healthcare providers to make sound clinical decisions about patient care. It involves the gathering and analyzing of information, as well as the formulation and evaluation of potential treatment options. Clinical reasoning is purposeful in that it is driven by the goal of providing the best possible care for the patient. Healthcare providers use their knowledge, skills, and experience to systematically work through patient problems, identify possible solutions, and make informed decisions. The process is goal-directed, aiming to achieve positive health outcomes for the patient based on the best available evidence and clinical expertise.
All the following are compatible with the definition of obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. episodes of prolonged upper airway obstruction
- B. repeated apnea
- C. 230% reduction in airflow
- D. 2-30% O2 desaturation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen desaturation of 2-30% is too low to define mild-to-moderate sleep apnea.
Which manifestation is more specific to occur in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) than other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
- A. primary bone marrow involvement
- B. intestinal involvement
- C. CNS involvement
- D. primary mediastinal involvement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary mediastinal involvement is a hallmark feature of ALCL.