Nokea
Alice is rushed to the emergency department during an acute, severe prolonged asthma attack and is unresponsive to usual treatment. The condition is referred to as which of the following?
- A. Status asthmaticus
- B. Reactive airway disease
- C. Intrinsic asthma
- D. Extrinsic asthma 49
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a severe and persistent asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like inhalers or nebulizers. It is a life-threatening condition that can lead to respiratory failure if not treated promptly. Patients with status asthmaticus may require IV medications, oxygen therapy, and possibly mechanical ventilation to support their breathing. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent serious complications and potential death.
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Which of the ff signs may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with tonsillar infection if group A streptococci is the cause?
- A. White patches on the tonsils
- B. Hypertrophied tonsils
- C. Hemorrhage in the tonsils
- D. Bleeding in the tonsils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of white patches on the tonsils is a visual sign that may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with a tonsillar infection caused by group A streptococci. These white patches are known as exudates and can be a characteristic feature of streptococcal tonsillitis. These exudates may range in appearance from small white spots to larger patches that cover the tonsils. Additionally, other signs commonly associated with streptococcal tonsillitis may include swollen and red tonsils, fever, sore throat, and sometimes swollen lymph nodes in the neck. It is important to note that definitive diagnosis often requires laboratory testing such as a rapid strep test or throat culture to confirm the presence of group A streptococci.
A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that adaptive immunity is provide by which type of white blood cell?
- A. Neutrophil
- B. Monocyte
- C. Basophil
- D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are the type of white blood cells that provide adaptive immunity. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and target certain pathogens (including HIV), while T cells have various functions in the immune response, such as directly killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. Adaptive immunity is characterized by the body's ability to remember specific pathogens and mount a targeted response upon subsequent exposures. In the context of HIV and AIDS, understanding the role of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity is essential for the client to comprehend how the virus affects the immune system and why immune function becomes compromised over time.
Which is the most appropriate vision acuity test for a child who is in preschool?
- A. Cover test
- B. Ishihara test
- C. HOTV chart
- D. Snellen letter chart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The HOTV chart is the most appropriate vision acuity test for a child who is in preschool. The HOTV chart is specifically designed for young children who may not yet know their letters. It uses simple shapes (H, O, T, V) instead of letters for visual acuity testing, making it more suitable and engaging for preschool-aged children. This chart allows for an accurate assessment of a child's visual acuity even before they are able to recognize letters, ensuring early detection of any vision problems that may affect their learning and development. The other options, such as the Cover test, Ishihara test, and Snellen letter chart, are more commonly used for older children and adults.
Fentanyl is used as analgesia during operative and postoperative procedures. Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with fentanyl use?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Acidosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fentanyl typically causes hypotension, nausea, and vomiting, but it does not cause acidosis.
Persons with up to 70% prevalence of peculiar facial anatomy are considered risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. hypotonia
- B. developmental delay
- C. central adiposity
- D. hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.