Nokea
Which of the ff is a reason for providing early discharge instructions and making arrangements for home care for clients undergoing mastectomy?
- A. The adverse effect of mastectomy are immediate
- B. The wound of the surgery is highly contagious and the client should exercise isolation precautions immediately after the procedure
- C. Most clients are not hospitalized long after a mastectomy
- D. The suicidal tendencies in the women undergoing a mastectomy are high
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most clients are not hospitalized long after a mastectomy. This is a key reason for providing early discharge instructions and making arrangements for home care for clients undergoing mastectomy. Typically, clients undergoing mastectomy have shorter hospital stays, often as part of the trend toward faster postoperative recovery and reduced healthcare costs. By ensuring that clients have appropriate home care arrangements and understand postoperative instructions early on, healthcare providers can support a smooth transition from the hospital to the home environment, promoting optimal recovery and outcomes for the client.
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Mrs. Zeno asks the nurse why the disease has occurred. The nurse bases the reply on the knowledge that there is:
- A. A genetic defect in the production of acetylcholine
- B. A reduced amount of neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- C. A decreased number of functioning acetyl-choline receptor sites
- D. An inhibition of the enzyme Ache leaving the end plates folded.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The disease mentioned in the question is likely myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting nerve impulses to muscles. In myasthenia gravis, the immune system destroys or blocks the acetylcholine receptor sites on muscle cells, leading to a decrease in the number of functioning receptor sites. This results in muscle weakness and fatigue because the communication between nerves and muscles is impaired. This is why the nurse would base the reply on the knowledge that there is a decreased number of functioning acetyl-choline receptor sites as the underlying cause of the disease.
For a client with low blood volume, what are the implications of decreasing blood pressure and a rapid heart rate?
- A. Compression of blood vessels due to blood loss
- B. Increase in the circulating blood volume
- C. Inadequate renal perfusion
- D. Hypovolemia and shock
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a client with low blood volume, a decrease in blood pressure and a rapid heart rate can indicate hypovolemia, which is a condition characterized by a decreased volume of circulating blood. This can lead to inadequate perfusion of vital organs, including the kidneys (choice C), as well as other tissues throughout the body. If left unaddressed, severe hypovolemia can progress to shock, a critical condition where there is inadequate blood flow to meet the body's metabolic demands. This can result in organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, the implications of decreasing blood pressure and a rapid heart rate in a client with low blood volume are indicative of hypovolemia and the potential development of shock.
A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which of the following glands?
- A. Adrenal cortex
- B. Adrenal medulla
- C. Pancreas
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. When there is an overproduction of aldosterone, it can lead to increased sodium retention and potassium excretion, resulting in hypertension. Therefore, in this case, the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from the adrenal cortex, making option A the correct answer.
A neonate has been diagnosed with caput succedaneum. Which statement is correct about this condition?
- A. It usually resolves in 3-6 weeks
- B. It doesn't cross the cranial suture line
- C. It's a collection of blood between the skull and the periosteum
- D. It involves swelling of tissue over the presenting part of the presenting head
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Caput succedaneum is a condition characterized by the swelling of tissue over the presenting part of the infant's head during delivery. It is commonly a result of prolonged labor or vacuum extraction. Unlike cephalohematoma, caput succedaneum does cross the cranial suture lines. This condition typically resolves within a few days to a week after birth without intervention. It is important to monitor the infant for any complications or signs of infection during the resolution process.
The MOST common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is
- A. obesity
- B. allergies
- C. adenotonsillar hypertrophy
- D. pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.