Nokea
Joel has some internal bleeding. At which of the following sites is the most common for the child with hemophilia to bleed?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Intestines
- C. Ends of the log bones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In children with hemophilia, the most common site for bleeding is at the ends of the long bones, such as the joints (especially the knees, elbows, and ankles). This is due to the joints being more prone to injury and stress during physical activities. As a result, spontaneous bleeding or bleeding following minor trauma can occur at these sites. Internal bleeding in the cerebrum or intestines is less common in children with hemophilia compared to bleeding in the joints.
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The nurse is drawing blood from the diabetic patient for a glycosylated hemoglobin test. She explains to the woman that the test is used to determine:
- A. the highest glucose level in the past week.
- B. her insulin level.
- C. glucose levels over the past several months.
- D. her usual fasting glucose level.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test is used to determine the average glucose levels over the past several months (approximately 2-3 months). This test measures the amount of glucose that has been bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, providing an indication of the patient's overall blood sugar control. This is particularly important for diabetic patients, as it helps healthcare providers assess the effectiveness of the management plan and make necessary adjustments to prevent complications associated with high blood sugar levels over time. The other options provided do not accurately describe what the glycosylated hemoglobin test measures.
How does nosocomial pneumonia occur?
- A. In a healthcare setting
- B. Within 48hrs of admission to a healthcare
- C. In the immunocompromised host facility
- D. In a community setting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nosocomial pneumonia occurs in a healthcare setting. It is a type of pneumonia that is contracted during a hospital stay or other healthcare facilities. The risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia is higher in patients who are already hospitalized due to various medical conditions, surgeries, or use of medical devices like ventilators. The infection can be caused by different types of bacteria, viruses, or fungi present in the healthcare environment. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene, infection control practices, and minimizing the use of invasive devices, are crucial in reducing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia.
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents; it has multiple subtypes and requires different modalities of treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. Of the following, the subtype of osteosarcoma which is treated by surgery alone is
- A. fibroblastic
- B. chondroblastic
- C. parosteal
- D. periosteal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Periosteal osteosarcoma is often treated with surgery alone if margins are clear.
A nurse is conducting discharge teaching for parents of a newborn. The nurse instructs the parents on which method of care for the umbilical cord? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Covering the cord with the diaper
- B. Cleansing the cord with water daily
- C. Keeping the cord area free of urine and stool
- D. Monitoring for signs of infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleansing the cord with water daily - It is important to keep the umbilical cord clean to prevent infection. Cleaning it with water helps remove any debris or bacteria that may have accumulated.
The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?
- A. "You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant's formula."
- B. "You should feed your baby every 2 hours."
- C. "You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding."
- D. "You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.