Nokea
In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen
- B. 12 weeks - external genitalia formed
- C. 24 weeks - surfactant production begun
- D. 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Face recognition typically occurs earlier than 26 weeks.
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All the following are compatible with the definition of obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. episodes of prolonged upper airway obstruction
- B. repeated apnea
- C. 230% reduction in airflow
- D. 2-30% O2 desaturation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen desaturation of 2-30% is too low to define mild-to-moderate sleep apnea.
A client was brought to the school clinic wuth severe, constant, localized abdominal pain. Abdominal muscles are rigid, and rebound tenderness is present. Peritonitis is suspected. The client is hypotensive and tachycardic. The nursing diagnosis most appropriate to the client's signs/symptoms is:
- A. fluid volume deficit related to depletion of intravascular volume
- B. altered thought process related to toxic effects of elevated ammonia levels
- C. abdominal pain related to increased intestinal peristalsis
- D. altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to malabsorption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's signs and symptoms point towards a diagnosis of peritonitis, which is an inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity. The presence of severe, constant abdominal pain, rigid abdominal muscles, rebound tenderness, hypotension, and tachycardia are all indicative of peritonitis. These symptoms are typically seen when there is an infection or inflammation in the abdominal cavity, leading to fluid shifting from the intravascular space to the peritoneal cavity. This shifting of fluid results in hypovolemia, causing hypotension and tachycardia.
The nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with AIDS about complications of the disease. Which of the following is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?
- A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- B. Toxoplasmosis
- C. Candidiasis
- D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with AIDS. PCP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. This infection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics. Symptoms of PCP include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment of PCP are crucial in patients with AIDS to prevent severe complications.
The nurse observes the temperature record of a client and relates the fever to the brain infection the client currently has. The nurse knows that a high temperature may lead to an increased cerebral irritation. Which of the ff measures can help the nurse control the clients body temperature? Choose all that apply
- A. Providing tepid sponge bath
- B. Applying ice packs
- C. Administering prescribed antipyretics
- D. Keeping the room temperature warm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Providing tepid sponge bath: This measure helps to gradually lower the body temperature by promoting heat loss through evaporation. It is a safe and effective way to cool down someone with a fever.
If Mr. Franco's Right side is weak, What should be the most accurate analysis by the nurse?
- A. Expressive aphasia is prominent on clients with right sided weakness
- B. The affected lobe in the patient is the Right lobe
- C. The client will have problems in judging distance and proprioception
- D. Clients orientation to time and space will be much affected NEUROLOGIC NURSING Situation: A computer analyst, Mr. Ricardo J. Santos, 25 was brought to the hospital for diagnostic workup after he had experienced seizure in his office.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client presents with right-sided weakness, it indicates that the underlying issue is likely located in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is due to the contralateral organization of the brain where the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. Therefore, in Mr. Franco's case, the right-sided weakness suggests the affected lobe is the left lobe of his brain, not the right lobe as stated in option B.