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In obtaining a review of systems on a "healthy" 7-year-old girl, the health care provider knows that it would be important to include the:
- A. last glaucoma examination.
- B. frequency of breast self-examination.
- C. date of her last electrocardiogram.
- D. limitations related to her involvement in sports activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining information on the limitations related to the girl's involvement in sports activities is crucial for assessing her overall physical health and well-being. This information helps in understanding any potential risks or issues that may arise from her participation in sports. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not relevant to a review of systems for a healthy 7-year-old girl. Glaucoma examination, breast self-examination frequency, and electrocardiogram date are not typically part of a routine review of systems for a child of her age and health status.
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The public's concept of health has changed since the 1950s. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this change?
- A. Lifestyle, personal habits, exercise, and nutrition are essential to health.
- B. Assessment of health is critical to identifying disease-causing pathogens.
- C. Accurate diagnosis and treatment by a physician are essential for all health care.
- D. An individual is considered healthy when signs and symptoms of disease have been eliminated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects the shift towards a holistic view of health focusing on preventive measures and lifestyle choices. In the 1950s, the emphasis was more on treating diseases rather than preventing them through healthy habits. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on identifying pathogens, not overall health. Choice C is incorrect because it emphasizes physician-centered healthcare rather than individual responsibility. Choice D is incorrect as it only considers the absence of symptoms, not overall well-being. Therefore, A is the best choice as it aligns with the modern understanding of health promotion and disease prevention.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a colonoscopy. The nurse should prioritize monitoring for which of the following complications?
- A. Hypotension.
- B. Bleeding or perforation.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Pain at the insertion site.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bleeding or perforation. After a colonoscopy, the patient is at risk for bleeding or perforation which are serious complications requiring immediate attention. Monitoring for signs such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or signs of peritonitis is crucial. Choice A is not a priority unless the patient shows signs of shock. Choice C is a common post-procedure issue but not a priority complication. Choice D, pain at the insertion site, is expected and can be managed with analgesics.
When a nurse is assessing a patient's pain level, which of the following questions would be most appropriate?
- A. "How would you rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10?"
- B. "When did your pain start?"
- C. "What causes your pain?"
- D. "Do you need any medication for the pain?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Asking the patient to rate pain on a scale of 0 to 10 is a standard pain assessment tool, allowing for quantification and tracking of pain intensity.
Step 2: This question helps in understanding the severity of pain objectively.
Step 3: It provides a baseline for further pain management interventions.
Step 4: Other choices are incorrect as they do not directly address assessing pain intensity or severity.
Summary: Option A is the most appropriate as it focuses on quantifying pain, which is crucial for effective pain management. Choices B, C, and D are not as relevant for assessing pain intensity.
A 65-year-old man with emphysema and bronchitis has come to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. On assessment of his skin, the nurse would expect to find which of the following?
- A. Anasarca.
- B. Scleroderma.
- C. Pedal erythema.
- D. Clubbing of the nails.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Clubbing of the nails. Clubbing is a physical finding associated with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema and bronchitis. It is characterized by the softening of the nail bed and the loss of the normal angle between the nail and the nail bed. This occurs due to chronic hypoxia and can be a sign of advanced lung disease. Anasarca (choice A) is generalized edema, not specific to respiratory conditions. Scleroderma (choice B) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the skin and other organs, not directly related to respiratory conditions. Pedal erythema (choice C) refers to redness of the feet and is not a typical finding in emphysema or bronchitis.
A patient has been in the critical care unit for 10 days. He has just been moved to the medical"“surgical unit, and the admitting nurse is planning to perform a mental health examination. During the cognitive function tests, the nurse would expect that he:
- A. Might display some disruption in thought content.
- B. Might state, "I am so relieved to be out of critical care.'
- C. Might be oriented to place and person but not be certain of the date.
- D. Might show evidence of some clouding of consciousness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. After being in critical care for 10 days, it is expected that the patient may be disoriented to time but still be oriented to place and person. This is a common occurrence due to the stressful and disorienting environment of the critical care unit. The patient's cognition may be temporarily affected, leading to difficulty in remembering the date accurately. The patient's ability to recognize their surroundings and identify themselves and others should still be intact. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because disruption in thought content, expressing relief, and clouding of consciousness are not typical cognitive function issues expected in this scenario.