Nokea
In pea plants, green pod color (G)is dominant to yellow pod color (g). A cross was done between a plant with green pods and plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring. 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following we the genotypes of both present plants?
- A. GG X GG
- B. Gg × gg
- C. Gg × gg
- D. Gg × Gg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 50% green and 50% yellow offspring suggests that one parent was heterozygous (Gg) and the other was homozygous recessive (gg), leading to a 1:1 ratio of green to yellow.
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What is the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?
- A. 1
- B. 144
- C. 12
- D. 24
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 12 protons, which directly corresponds to its atomic number. Neutrons have no impact on the atomic number; they contribute to the atomic mass. The atomic number uniquely identifies an element based on the number of protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 12, as it represents the number of protons in the nucleus and defines the element, regardless of the presence of neutrons.
htmlspecialchars(The mitochondrial inner membrane carries out the same functions in cellular respiration as the ......... membrane of chloroplasts in photosynthesis. Which of the following correctly completes the sentence above?)
- A. htmlspecialchars(Epithelial)
- B. htmlspecialchars(Nuclear)
- C. htmlspecialchars(Thylakoid)
- D. htmlspecialchars(Tonoplast)
Correct Answer: htmlspecialchars(C)
Rationale: htmlspecialchars(The correct answer is C - Thylakoid. The inner membrane of mitochondria is where cellular respiration occurs, just as the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts is where photosynthesis takes place. These membranes are essential for energy production in their respective processes. Understanding the role of these membranes is crucial in comprehending how cells generate energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis.)
Which of the following triangular areas of the human body is described as the perineum?
- A. The area between the nipples on the chest and the belly button.
- B. The area on the back between the neck and the two shoulder blades.
- C. The area that contains the orifices of the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems.
- D. The area between the edges of the eyes and the chin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The perineum is the specific triangular region in the pelvic area that houses the openings of the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems. It is essential for supporting these vital bodily functions. The other options describe different anatomical areas that are not related to the perineum. Understanding the location and function of the perineum is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate assessments and care to patients.
What is the primary function of centrosomes in animal cells?
- A. Pathogen digestion
- B. Cytoplasm formation
- C. Organelle trafficking
- D. Microtubule organization
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Centrosomes play a crucial role in animal cells by organizing microtubules. They act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and are essential for various cellular processes such as cell division, cell shape maintenance, and intracellular transport. Correctly organized microtubules are vital for maintaining cell structure and function, making option D, 'Microtubule organization,' the correct answer.
After infecting host cells, how does the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, insert viral DNA into the host T-cell?
- A. Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus
- B. Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus
- C. The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus
- D. The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reverse transcriptase is an essential enzyme unique to retroviruses like the AIDS virus. It catalyzes the conversion of viral RNA into DNA through a process known as reverse transcription. The newly formed viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, enabling the virus to replicate and establish a persistent infection within the host.