Nokea
In pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, stages are dependent on primary site whether favorable or unfavorable. Which of the following sites of involvement is considered unfavorable?
- A. vagina
- B. uterus
- C. testis
- D. paranasal sinuses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paranasal sinuses are considered unfavorable sites in rhabdomyosarcoma staging.
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A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about treatment of seborrhea dermatitis (cradle cap). Which should the nurse include in the instructions?
- A. Shampoo every three days with a mild soap.
- B. The hair should be shampooed with a medicated shampoo.
- C. Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo.
- D. The loosened crusts should not be removed with a fine-toothed comb.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should include in the instructions to shampoo every three days with a mild soap. Seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as cradle cap in infants, is a common condition characterized by greasy, yellowish, scaly patches on the scalp. Mild cases of cradle cap typically do not require aggressive treatment. Using a mild soap and shampooing every few days can help loosen the scales and prevent buildup without causing irritation to the infant's delicate skin. It is important not to shampoo too frequently or use harsh products as this can exacerbate the condition. Additionally, the loosened crusts can be gently massaged and removed after shampooing with a soft brush or cloth, but it is not necessary to use a fine-toothed comb, as this may cause skin irritation.
Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for which of the following malignancy?
- A. hepatoblastoma
- B. splenic lymphoma
- C. Hodgkin lymphoma
- D. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C is a known risk factor for splenic lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
A client with neuromuscular disorder is receiving intensive nursing care. The client is likely to face the risk for impaired skin integrity. Which of the ff must the nurse ensure to prevent skin breakdown in the client?
- A. Prevent strenuous exercises by the client
- B. Use pressure relieving devices when the client is in bed
- C. Place the client in Fowler's position
- D. Avoid giving daily baths with soaps to the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using pressure relieving devices when the client is in bed is essential to prevent skin breakdown. Clients with neuromuscular disorders are at higher risk for impaired skin integrity due to limited mobility and sensation. Pressure relieving devices such as specialized mattresses, cushions, or pads help distribute pressure evenly and reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Maintaining good skin integrity is crucial in preventing complications and promoting the overall well-being of the client. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's risk factors, implement preventive measures like using pressure relieving devices, and monitor the client's skin regularly to prevent skin breakdown.
Which term best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness?
- A. Nursing process
- B. Epidemiologic process
- C. Community-based statistics
- D. Mortality and morbidity statistics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term that best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness is the epidemiologic process. Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Through the epidemiologic process, health professionals can investigate and understand the distribution of diseases, determine risk factors, and develop strategies for prevention and control. Nursing process refers to the systematic method nurses use to provide patient-centered care. Community-based statistics are data collected from a specific community for various purposes. Mortality and morbidity statistics provide information on deaths and disease rates but do not encompass the comprehensive approach of the epidemiologic process in understanding the causes and distribution of diseases.
Bennett was rushed to the emergency department with possible increased intracranial pressure (ICP); which of the following is an early clinical manifestation of increased ICP in older children? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Macewen's sign
- B. Setting sun sign
- C. Papilledema
- D. Diplopia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Papilledema is a common early clinical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in older children. Papilledema is defined as optic disc swelling due to increased ICP transmitted to the optic nerve sheath. This can be visualized during a fundoscopic examination. It is important to identify papilledema promptly as it may signify increased ICP, which requires urgent evaluation and management to prevent potential complications. While other signs like Macewen's sign, Setting sun sign, and Diplopia can also indicate increased ICP, papilledema is a more specific sign seen in older children.