Nokea
The nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Exposure to sunlight will help control skin rashes.
- B. There are no activity limitations between flare-ups.
- C. Monitor body temperature
- D. Corticosteroids may be stopped when symptoms are relieved.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring body temperature is important in clients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because fever can indicate an infection or a disease flare-up. Clients with SLE are at higher risk of infections due to their compromised immune system, and fever can be a sign of an underlying issue that needs prompt attention. It is essential for the nurse to educate the client about monitoring body temperature regularly and seeking medical advice if there is a sudden increase in temperature.
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You are discussing with medical students the role of chemotherapy in malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); you state that GCTs are sensitive to some types of chemotherapy. Of the following, the MOST effective chemotherapeutic agent in GCTs is
- A. vincristine
- B. cyclophosphamide
- C. cisplatin
- D. methotrexate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cisplatin is a cornerstone in the treatment of germ cell tumors.
In neuroblastoma, metastatic spread can occur via local invasion or distant hematogenous/lymphatic routes. The LEAST common site of metastases in neuroblastoma is
- A. long bone
- B. bone marrow
- C. lung
- D. skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Skin metastases are rare in neuroblastoma compared to bone, bone marrow, and lung involvement.
A client is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist's instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
- A. To prevent confusion
- B. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- C. To prevent seizures leakage
- D. To prevent cardiac arrhythmias
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Special positioning is required for a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The client is usually positioned in either a sitting or lateral decubitus position to allow for easier access to the spinal canal and ensure proper administration of the anesthesia. Maintaining the correct positioning helps to minimize the risk of CSF leakage, which can result in headaches and potential complications postoperatively. By positioning the client appropriately during the procedure, healthcare providers can optimize the effectiveness of the spinal block while reducing the risk of adverse effects.
A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about treatment of seborrhea dermatitis (cradle cap). Which should the nurse include in the instructions?
- A. Shampoo every three days with a mild soap.
- B. The hair should be shampooed with a medicated shampoo.
- C. Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo.
- D. The loosened crusts should not be removed with a fine-toothed comb.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should include in the instructions to shampoo every three days with a mild soap. Seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as cradle cap in infants, is a common condition characterized by greasy, yellowish, scaly patches on the scalp. Mild cases of cradle cap typically do not require aggressive treatment. Using a mild soap and shampooing every few days can help loosen the scales and prevent buildup without causing irritation to the infant's delicate skin. It is important not to shampoo too frequently or use harsh products as this can exacerbate the condition. Additionally, the loosened crusts can be gently massaged and removed after shampooing with a soft brush or cloth, but it is not necessary to use a fine-toothed comb, as this may cause skin irritation.
Common side effects of stimulant medications include
- A. appetite suppression
- B. gastrointestinal tract symptoms
- C. sedation
- D. hepatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Appetite suppression is a common side effect of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD.