Nokea
Nocturia
- A. 2, 4, 2005
- B. 2, 3, 5, 6
- C. 1, 3, 2006
- D. 1, 2, 4, 5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nocturia is the condition of waking up during the night to urinate. The factors associated with it are usually related to Increased nocturnal urine production (2), aging and hormonal changes (3), underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease (5), and medications that can increase urine production or cause fluid retention (6). Therefore, the correct choices are 2, 3, 5, and 6 which align with B.
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During the physical examination of a client for a possible neurologic disorder, how can the nurse examine the client for stiffness and rigidity of the neck?
- A. By positioning the client flat on bed for at least 3 hrs
- B. By moving the head and chin of the client toward the chest
- C. By asking the client to bend and pick up small and large objects on the floor
- D. By introducing a painful stimulus on the neck
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse can examine the client for stiffness and rigidity of the neck by moving the head and chin of the client toward the chest. This maneuver, known as neck flexion, assesses the resistance and presence of stiffness in the neck muscles. Stiffness and rigidity of the neck muscles may suggest conditions such as meningitis, cervical dystonia, or other neurologic disorders. It is important for the nurse to perform this examination maneuver carefully to avoid causing discomfort or injury to the client.
The least common late neurologic sequelae that may be encountered post craniospinal irradiation in a 9-year-old child with medulloblastoma is
- A. microcephaly
- B. learning disabilities
- C. cognitive impairment
- D. second malignancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Second malignancy is a rare late effect compared to cognitive and learning impairments.
Which term best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness?
- A. Nursing process
- B. Epidemiologic process
- C. Community-based statistics
- D. Mortality and morbidity statistics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term that best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness is the epidemiologic process. Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Through the epidemiologic process, health professionals can investigate and understand the distribution of diseases, determine risk factors, and develop strategies for prevention and control. Nursing process refers to the systematic method nurses use to provide patient-centered care. Community-based statistics are data collected from a specific community for various purposes. Mortality and morbidity statistics provide information on deaths and disease rates but do not encompass the comprehensive approach of the epidemiologic process in understanding the causes and distribution of diseases.
Prenatal screening is recommended for all pregnant women to detect neural tube defect. If a neural tube defect is present, one of the following is often elevated
- A. human chorionic gonadotropin
- B. a-fetoprotein
- C. estriol
- D. inhibin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in maternal serum when a neural tube defect is present due to fetal leakage of AFP into the amniotic fluid and maternal circulation.
Nurse Katriz is planning a client education program for sickle cell disease (SCD); what topics should be included in the plan of care?
- A. Aerobic exercise to improve oxygenation
- B. Fluid restraint to 1 qt (1 L)/day
- C. A high-iron, high-protein diet
- D. Proper hand washing and infectionavoidance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: People with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at a higher risk of infections due to their impaired immune system. Infections can trigger a sickle cell crisis, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, proper hand washing and infection avoidance are crucial components of the care plan for clients with SCD. This topic should be included in Nurse Katriz's client education program to help reduce the risk of infections and promote better health outcomes for individuals with SCD.