Nokea
In preparation for business trip abroad the doctor was prescribed a histoschizontocidal antimalarial drug as a personal means of disease prevention. What drug was given to the doctor?
- A. Chingamin
- B. Mefloquine
- C. Biseptol (Co-Trimoxazole)
- D. Quinine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mefloquine. Mefloquine is a histoschizontocidal antimalarial drug commonly prescribed for prevention of malaria in travelers. It is effective against the liver stage of the malaria parasite, which is crucial for preventing the development of the disease. Chingamin (A) is not a commonly used antimalarial drug. Biseptol (C) is a combination antibiotic and is not effective against malaria parasites. Quinine (D) is primarily used for treating malaria, not preventing it, and it is not specifically histoschizontocidal.
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Which of the following characteristics does not refer to the flu vaccine
- A. it is a recommended vaccine
- B. it is a subunit vaccine
- C. it is administered parenterally
- D. it stimulates mainly the local immunity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the flu vaccine primarily stimulates systemic immunity rather than local immunity. It is administered parenterally (C) as it is injected into the body. It is a subunit vaccine (B) as it contains only specific antigens of the virus. It is a recommended vaccine (A) due to its effectiveness in preventing influenza. In summary, D is the correct choice as the flu vaccine mainly targets systemic immunity, not local immunity, unlike the other characteristics listed.
A patient has got pain in the axillary area, rise of temperature developed 10 hours ago. On examination: shaky gait is evident, the tongue is coated with white deposit. The pulse is frequent. The painful lymphatic nodes are revealed in the axillary area. The skin over the lymph nodes is erythematous and glistering. What is the most probable diagnosis?
- A. Bubonic plague
- B. Acute purulent lymphadenitis
- C. Lymphogranulomatosis
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute purulent lymphadenitis. The symptoms described indicate an acute bacterial infection of the lymph nodes. The presence of painful lymph nodes, erythema, and shiny appearance of the skin overlying the nodes suggest an inflammatory process. The rise in temperature and frequent pulse indicate an active infection. The white-coated tongue may be a sign of systemic involvement. The shaky gait may indicate systemic toxicity. Bubonic plague (A) presents with buboes, not just painful lymph nodes. Lymphogranulomatosis (C) is a type of lymphoma and would not present with these acute bacterial infection symptoms. Anthrax (D) typically presents with a black eschar and is less likely in this context.
Which of the following viruses can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
- A. BK virus
- B. Enteroviruses
- C. Flaviviruses
- D. Coronaviruses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BK virus. BK virus is a common cause of hemorrhagic cystitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. It infects the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and bleeding in the bladder. Enteroviruses, Flaviviruses, and Coronaviruses do not typically cause hemorrhagic cystitis. Enteroviruses usually cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, Flaviviruses are commonly associated with diseases like dengue fever and Zika virus, and Coronaviruses are known for causing respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19. Hence, the correct answer is A as it is the only virus among the options known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis.
Clinical symptom, typical for erythema infectiosum is:
- A. Swelling of salivary glands
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Hepatitis
- D. Exanthematous rash
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exanthematous rash. Erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease, is characterized by a distinctive rash on the cheeks that looks like a "slapped cheek." This rash then spreads to the rest of the body, resulting in a lace-like rash (exanthem). Swelling of salivary glands (choice A) is not a typical symptom of erythema infectiosum. Diarrhea (choice B) and hepatitis (choice C) are also not associated with this condition. Therefore, the most characteristic clinical symptom of erythema infectiosum is the exanthematous rash.
Genus Rickettsia representatives are characterized by:
- A. Gram-positive cell wall
- B. High resistance to external environment factors
- C. Intracellular parasitism
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intracellular parasitism. Genus Rickettsia representatives are known for their ability to live and replicate inside the host's cells, making them obligate intracellular parasites. This characteristic distinguishes them from other bacteria.
A: Gram-positive cell wall is incorrect because Rickettsia have a gram-negative cell wall.
B: High resistance to external environment factors is incorrect because Rickettsia are sensitive to environmental conditions and require specific host cells for survival.
D: None of the above is incorrect because Rickettsia do exhibit the characteristic of intracellular parasitism.