Nokea
The bacterial genome is typically composed of:
- A. double-stranded RNA
- B. linear DNA
- C. circular double-stranded DNA
- D. single-stranded DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: circular double-stranded DNA. Bacterial genomes are typically composed of circular double-stranded DNA due to its stability and efficient replication. Circular DNA allows for continuous replication without the need for telomeres present in linear DNA (choice B). Bacteria do not typically have double-stranded RNA genomes (choice A) as RNA is more commonly found in viruses. Single-stranded DNA (choice D) is not typically the main genetic material in bacteria, as it is less stable and less efficient for information storage compared to double-stranded DNA.
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Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing peptic ulcers?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Helicobacter pylori
- C. Streptococcus pyogenes
- D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium is known to be the primary cause of peptic ulcers by colonizing the stomach lining and causing inflammation. It produces urease enzyme to neutralize stomach acid and has a flagellum for mobility. Escherichia coli (A) is mainly associated with foodborne illnesses. Streptococcus pyogenes (C) causes strep throat and skin infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (D) causes tuberculosis, a respiratory infection. Therefore, Helicobacter pylori is the correct choice for peptic ulcers based on its unique characteristics and pathogenicity.
Granulomatosis infantiseptica is caused by:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Listeria monocytogenes
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Granulomatosis infantiseptica is commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium known to infect newborns. It can lead to granulomatous lesions in various organs. Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not typical causes of this condition in infants. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests all listed bacteria are responsible, which is not accurate. Therefore, the correct answer is C as Listeria monocytogenes is the specific pathogen associated with granulomatosis infantiseptica.
Which bacteria is responsible for causing the disease known as tuberculosis?
- A. Mycobacterium leprae
- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Clostridium botulinum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis as it specifically infects the lungs and can spread through the air. Mycobacterium leprae (choice A) causes leprosy, not tuberculosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (choice C) is a common cause of pneumonia but not tuberculosis. Clostridium botulinum (choice D) causes botulism, a different disease unrelated to tuberculosis. Therefore, the unique characteristics and infection pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis make it the correct choice for the bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis.
What preparations are used for prevention of fungal infection?
- A. Fluconozol, Orungal, Nisoral
- B. Rubomycin, Bleomycin, Mytomycin C
- C. Cytosar, Cormyctin, Lomycitin
- D. Captopril, Enalapril
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Fluconazole, Orungal, and Nizoral are antifungal medications commonly used for prevention of fungal infections. Fluconazole is a systemic antifungal agent, Orungal (Itraconazole) is used for various fungal infections, and Nizoral (Ketoconazole) is effective against a wide range of fungal infections. Choices B, C, and D do not contain antifungal medications and are unrelated to preventing fungal infections.
Which bacteria is commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Clostridium difficile
- C. Staphylococcus aureus
- D. Bacillus anthracis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections due to its ability to cause a wide range of infections and its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections, making it a significant threat in healthcare settings. Escherichia coli (choice A) is more commonly associated with foodborne illnesses. Clostridium difficile (choice B) is known for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacillus anthracis (choice D) is primarily associated with anthrax infections, which are not typically acquired in hospital settings.