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In preparing a preschool-aged patient for an injection, the most appropriate nursing intervention is to:
- A. allow the patient to administer an injection to a doll.
- B. arrange for the patient to watch a peer receive an injection.
- C. have the parents explain the process to the patient.
- D. suggest diversionary activities like singing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the child to practice on a doll can help reduce anxiety and prepare them for the procedure.
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An 11-year-old girl with celiac disease was discharged from the hospital. An appropriate teaching was carried out by the nurse if the parents are aware of avoiding which of the following?
- A. Chicken
- B. Wheat
- C. Milk
- D. Rice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The small intestine's lining is damaged when someone with celiac disease eats gluten, which impairs the absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid wheat and other gluten-containing grains to manage their condition effectively. Sourcers of gluten, like wheat products, need to be eliminated from the diet to prevent symptoms and complications for those with celiac disease. Therefore, teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with celiac disease to avoid wheat would be an essential part of managing the condition.
A 10-mo-old boy has a left suprarenal mass. Surgery is accomplished with complete removal of the mass as well as the non-adherent lymph nodes; surgical biopsies are taken during surgery. The histology reveals poorly differentiated neuroblastoma with microscopic ipsilateral lymph nodes involvement. The contralateral lymph nodes are negative. Of the following, the BEST therapeutic approach for this infant is
- A. chemotherapy
- B. radiotherapy
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease typically warrants adjuvant chemotherapy.
Which is now referred to as the "new morbidity"?
- A. Limitations in the major activities of daily living
- B. Unintentional injuries that cause chronic health problems
- C. Discoveries of new therapies to treat health problems
- D. Behavioral, social, and educational problems that alter health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The term "new morbidity" is now used to describe the impact of behavioral, social, and educational factors on health outcomes. This concept acknowledges that health is not solely determined by physical health conditions but also by one's behaviors, social circumstances, and education levels. Factors such as smoking, substance abuse, stress, lack of education, poverty, and social inequalities can significantly influence an individual's health. Recognizing and addressing these non-traditional health determinants are crucial in promoting overall health and well-being.
A patient has a positive Homans' sign. Which of the ff. does the nurse understand explains why ambulation and performing the Homans' sign is now contraindicated?
- A. They can cause calf swelling c.They can cause an emboli
- B. They can cause patient pain
- C. They may cause a clot to form
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive Homans' sign indicates possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the leg. When a patient has DVT, the clot may dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, ambulation and performing the Homans' sign can dislodge the clot and potentially cause an embolism. It is contraindicated to prevent this serious complication.
Which of the ff. is a symptom that the nurse would expect to find during assessment of a patient experiencing acute angle-closure glaucoma?
- A. Flashing lights
- B. Lens opacity
- C. Halos around lights A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET N
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Halos around lights are a common symptom observed in patients experiencing acute angle-closure glaucoma. This occurs due to the increased intraocular pressure causing corneal edema, which leads to light scattering and the appearance of halos. Other symptoms may include severe eye pain, redness in the eye, decreased vision, and headache. It is important for the nurse to recognize these symptoms promptly as acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.