Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Related

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A Bit About Bicycles: Children begin to taste freedom on bicycles. Historians believe that bicycles began around 3500 B.C. in the Middle East although it took 53 centuries before bicycles were fashioned in the way we know them today.
With over 1500 moving parts, bicycles are complex yet simple machines and amazingly the basic design has not changed since the 1880s. A few tweaks have been added, such as gears and hand-operated brakes, but bicycles remain a steady source of exercise and entertainment for both children and adults. Some forms of bicycling are mountain biking and BMX biking which is similar to cross-country motorcycle racing.
In many countries around the world, bicycles are a necessary part of daily existence. Bicycling in China is imperative if you want to go places, due to the vast population in a relatively small area. Bicycles are coming back in high demand all over the world.

In recent years, what has been added to the basic design of bicycles?

  • A. Mountain handles and gears.
  • B. Complex machinery and mirrors.
  • C. Hand-operated brakes and cross-country handles.
  • D. Gears and hand-operated brakes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gears and hand-operated brakes. Gears and hand-operated brakes have been added to the basic design of bicycles in recent years. Gears allow riders to adjust the resistance and speed of pedaling, making it easier to ride on different terrains. Hand-operated brakes provide better control and safety for stopping the bike.

Explanation:
1. Mountain handles and gears (Choice A) is incorrect because mountain handles are not a common addition to the basic design of bicycles, and the only addition mentioned in the text is gears and hand-operated brakes.
2. Complex machinery and mirrors (Choice B) is incorrect as the text highlights that bicycles are complex yet simple machines, and mirrors are not mentioned as a recent addition to the basic design.
3. Hand-operated brakes and cross-country handles (Choice C) is incorrect because cross-country handles are not mentioned in the text as an addition to the basic design of bicycles in recent years.

Therefore, the correct

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One of the best ways to understand a group of people is to know what makes them laugh. Laughter encompasses the limits of the soul and serves social, psychological, and physiological functions. In humor, life is redefined and accepted. Irony and satire provide much keener insights into a group's collective psyche and values than do years of research. It has always been a great disappointment to Native Americans that the humorous side of their life has not been mentioned by experts on native American affairs. Rather, the image of the stern-faced redskin has been presented by the American Westerns.

What is implied by this paragraph?

  • A. Native Americans really are as stern and serious as the white men make them out to be.
  • B. Humor is the same all over the world.
  • C. Native American humor deserves more attention.
  • D. The subject has a fear of heights.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding a group of people through their humor, highlighting the significance of humor in defining and accepting life. It specifically mentions the lack of attention given to Native American humor, suggesting that it deserves more recognition. Therefore, the correct implication from the paragraph is that Native American humor deserves more attention, making choice C the most appropriate.

Blood Pressure Regulators
The body is composed of systems that have evolved and diversified in order to maintain the natural functions and processes they regulate. One such system that has these regulators is the bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s cardiovascular system. The bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s pump, which regulates the flow of vitally needed oxygen to all cells of the body, as well as the discard of carbon dioxide and other waste products, is the heart.
Because blood pressure varies at different points within the body, differing components are needed to keep the bodyĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s blood pressure regulated. Three of the basic components are baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings and are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the body as well. Impulses are related to this stretching along the arterial walls, which causes these baroreceptors to send out even more impulses to the heart, arteries, and veins, causing the blood pressure to go either up or down.
Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH. Just think! A fall in oxygen causes receptors to send impulses to raise the blood pressure.
The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water and removing wastes. Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex cause the kidney to keep or let go of any salt and water. This has an influence on blood volume and consequently on blood pressure.

What is the best summary of this passage?

  • A. The heart regulates oxygen flow to body cells and discards waste, while the kidneys assist by absorbing salts and water.
  • B. The cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure using baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
  • C. Baroreceptors along artery walls send impulses to adjust blood pressure.
  • D. Chemoreceptors monitor oxygen level changes impacting blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B provides the most comprehensive summary of the passage. It encapsulates the main points discussed, including the body's cardiovascular system, the role of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys in regulating blood pressure. The other options focus on specific details mentioned in the passage but do not capture the broader scope of the content provided.

The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.

Which sentence uses the word laden the same as in the passage?

  • A. As the rain continued, the water trickled down the empty, laden street.
  • B. When the storm cleared, you could see the cloudless, laden sky.
  • C. The laden trumpets sounded when the stadium became crowded with fans.
  • D. The bowl of cereal overflowed when it became too laden with milk.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The sentence 'The bowl of cereal overflowed when it became too laden with milk' uses 'laden' to describe the bowl of cereal as being heavily filled or loaded with milk, similar to how the clouds are described in the passage as being heavily laden with liquid droplets before precipitation occurs. The meaning aligns perfectly with the original context of 'laden.' This choice is the correct answer as it mirrors the usage of 'laden' in the passage.

Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence: The child developed a labile condition that worried the parents, so they brought the child to the doctor's office for a checkup.

  • A. Fevered
  • B. Volatile
  • C. Stomach
  • D. Vision
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Volatile.' In this context, 'labile' means prone to change rapidly or unpredictably, similar to the meaning of 'volatile.' The child's condition was unstable and fluctuating, causing concern to the parents. 'Fevered' (choice A) refers specifically to having a fever, 'Stomach' (choice C) relates to the abdomen area, and 'Vision' (choice D) pertains to sight, none of which capture the intended meaning of 'labile' in the sentence.

Food
Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their
abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem.
Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the
country's main health problems, since it places a great
strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens
the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People
often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The
results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social
drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's
contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse,
are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol
abuse.

As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term 'concomitant' means?

  • A. Accompanying
  • B. Quiet
  • C. Separate
  • D. Unpredictable
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this context, the term 'concomitant' means 'accompanying'. It refers to problems or issues that occur together with something else. The sentence discusses the problems associated with alcohol abuse, such as the social drinker becoming alcoholic, drunken drivers contributing to highway deaths, and spousal and child abuse. These issues are all connected or 'accompanying' problems of alcohol abuse, making choice A, 'Accompanying', the correct answer.

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