Nokea
In Singapore, children and youth with disability in school age:
- A. Are rare at prevalence of less than 1%
- B. Receive services that are governed and funded by MSF only
- C. Are at higher risk of developing mental health conditions than typical children
- D. Need to have confirmed diagnosis before they can receive support in schools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: School-age children with disabilities are at higher risk for mental health conditions due to social and functional challenges.
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A worker is characterized by her co-workers as 'painfully shy' and lacking in self-confidence. Her co-workers say she stays in her cubicle all day, never coming out for breaks or lunch. One day after falling on the ice in the parking lot, she goes to the nurse's office, where she apologizes for falling and mentions that she hopes the company will not fire her for being so clumsy. With which diagnosis is this presentation most consistent?
- A. Avoidant
- B. Dependent
- C. Histrionic
- D. Paranoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoidant. This diagnosis is consistent because the worker exhibits characteristics of extreme shyness, lack of self-confidence, social avoidance, and fear of rejection or criticism. By apologizing excessively for a simple accident and expressing worry about being fired for it, the worker's behavior aligns with the avoidance of social situations and excessive concern about negative evaluation typical of Avoidant Personality Disorder.
Choice B: Dependent, does not fit as the worker is not displaying excessive need for others to take responsibility for major areas of her life.
Choice C: Histrionic, is not a match as this disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior, which is not evident in the worker's presentation.
Choice D: Paranoid, is not the correct diagnosis as the worker does not display distrust or suspiciousness towards others.
Which statement would indicate the use and abuse of power in a violent family situation?
- A. I admit I was mad and yelling and swinging my fists in the air, but I wasn't trying to hit our child. I was letting off some steam. My spouse just overreacted.'
- B. When she found out I watched television instead of taking the kids to the park, she starting yelling about how I don't care about the kids. She has no right to get mad at me. I should have some time to myself.'
- C. I thought he would like this new recipe. I should have known better. I will not do that again. He was right. He works all day and should come home to a good meal that he can enjoy. It's not too much to ask of a wife.'
- D. All I did was tell him I need some money. I can't understand why he can't just give me what I need. I stay home and take care of his house and kids, and I have to almost beg before he gives me money to spend on myself.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects an imbalance of power within the family dynamic. The statement indicates an acceptance of blame and a submissive attitude, suggesting a power dynamic where one person feels the need to please and appease the other. This behavior can indicate an abuse of power by the dominant individual, leading to a controlling and potentially manipulative relationship.
In contrast, the other choices do not clearly demonstrate an abuse of power. Choice A shows anger management issues but does not necessarily indicate a power dynamic. Choice B focuses on a disagreement over parenting responsibilities rather than a power struggle. Choice D highlights financial disagreements but does not explicitly show an abuse of power.
Therefore, Choice C is the most indicative of power abuse in a family situation.
In the elderly, administering medication is a great concern for the nurse since these patients are more prone to side effects. The primary cause of this is:
- A. Altered circulation and renal function
- B. Accelerated gastrointestinal system
- C. Enlarged Lymph nodes
- D. Musculoskeletal system weakness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The elderly are more likely to have side effects when there is altered metabolism through the kidneys and liver as well as altered circulatory function (A), unlike the other options (B, C, D) which are less relevant.
Which information would be important to incorporate when teaching about medications for dementia in a caregiver's support group? Select all that apply.
- A. Antipsychotic medications have been shown to be the most useful category of drugs in reducing behavioral problems in dementias.
- B. Most currently available medications slow the progress of the disease in 20% to 50% of patients but usually do not significantly improve functioning.
- C. None of the currently available medications for dementias provide a cure.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately conveys important information about medications for dementia to caregivers. It emphasizes that most medications do not significantly improve functioning but may slow disease progression in a subset of patients. This is crucial for setting realistic expectations.
Choice A is incorrect because antipsychotic medications are not the most useful category of drugs for reducing behavioral problems in dementia; they are associated with serious side effects and should be used cautiously.
Choice C is incorrect because it is essential for caregivers to understand that medications do not cure dementia; managing symptoms and slowing progression are the primary goals.
Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is B, which provides valuable information for caregivers to understand the limitations and benefits of medications for dementia.
The treatment team implements a behavior modification approach using a contract for a client with antisocial personality disorder. An expected outcome of this approach is that client will:
- A. Learn how to avoid punishment
- B. Explain why he breaks rules
- C. Comply with behaviors specified in the contract
- D. Develop empathy in interpersonal contacts with peers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because compliance with the behaviors specified in the contract is a key goal of behavior modification. This outcome focuses on specific, observable behaviors that the client agrees to follow. This approach helps in setting clear expectations and consequences, which is beneficial for individuals with antisocial personality disorder.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Learning how to avoid punishment may not necessarily lead to behavior change or compliance with the contract terms.
B: Explaining why he breaks rules may not necessarily result in actual behavior change or adherence to the contract.
D: Developing empathy is a more complex and long-term goal that may not directly relate to compliance with the contract terms.