Nokea
In the acute phase following a cerebrovascular accident, patients have a tendency to develop pressure lesions for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A. high degree of muscle spasticity
- B. accompanying sensory loss
- C. interference with altered autonomic reflexes
- D. diminished muscle use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spasticity does not typically contribute to pressure ulcers.
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The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.
- A. precentral gyrus
- B. postcentral gyrus
- C. central sulcus
- D. longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The longitudinal fissure is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It is a prominent anatomical feature that allows for the division of the brain into left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.
What is a normal response when testing cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X (Vagus nerve)?
- A. The uvula should remain midline when the patient says "ah."
- B. The patient should be able to smell different scents.
- C. The patient should have normal hearing.
- D. The patient should exhibit symmetrical facial expressions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerves IX and X are tested by observing the uvula's position when the patient says "ah." A midline uvula indicates normal function. Smell, hearing, and facial expressions are assessed by other cranial nerves.
What is most likely to cause the pain experienced in the later stages of OA?
- A. Crepitation
- B. Bouchard's nodes
- C. Heberden's nodes
- D. Bone surfaces rubbing together
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone-on-bone contact causes significant pain.
Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______.
- A. nodes of Ranvier
- B. the synapse
- C. axonal interstices
- D. myelinoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon of a neuron. These gaps allow for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential 'jumps' from one node to the next. This increases the speed and efficiency of neural communication. Nodes of Ranvier are essential for proper nerve function and are found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
The nurse is providing post-procedure care for a patient recovering from a lumbar puncture. Which order should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
- A. Keep the patient NPO for 4 hours.
- B. Have the patient lie flat for 6 hours.
- C. Monitor the patient's pedal pulses every 4 hours.
- D. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 8 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, the patient should lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and reduce the risk of a spinal headache. Monitoring pedal pulses or elevating the head of the bed is not necessary. Proper post-procedure care minimizes complications.