Nokea
The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on the neurologic system for a community health fair. Which part of the system is the nurse referring when the statement 'rest and digest' is included?
- A. Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- B. Right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- C. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, such as digestion and relaxation. The sympathetic division mediates the 'fight-or-flight' response, while the cerebral hemispheres are involved in higher cognitive functions. Understanding the autonomic nervous system is key to explaining physiological responses.
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In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.
- A. sodium ions
- B. potassium ions
- C. neurotransmitter molecules
- D. the nodes of Ranvier
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is mediated by neurotransmitter molecules. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemicals bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a new electrical signal. Neurotransmitters are essential for communication between neurons and play a key role in neural signaling.
The thumb is supplied by which dermatome
- A. C4
- B. C5
- C. C6
- D. C7
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The C6 dermatome supplies the thumb and radial side of the hand. This is important in assessing cervical nerve root function.
Aldosterone:
- A. increases mRNA synthesis
- B. deficiency results in hypotension
- C. increases sodium reabsorption from sweat
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases mRNA synthesis to enhance sodium reabsorption, and its deficiency can lead to hypotension. It also promotes sodium reabsorption from sweat, helping maintain electrolyte balance.
After teaching a patient with RA to use heat and cold therapy to relieve symptoms, the nurse determines that teaching has been effective when what is said by the patient?
- A. Heat treatments should not be used if muscle spasms are present.
- B. Cold applications can be applied for 15 to 20 minutes to relieve joint stiffness.
- C. I should use heat applications for 20 minutes to relieve the symptoms of an acute flare.
- D. When my joints are painful, I can use a bag of frozen corn for 10 to 15 minutes to relieve the pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cold therapy is effective for acute pain.
During the acute phase of dermatomyositis, what is an appropriate patient outcome?
- A. Relates improvement in pain
- B. Does not experience aspiration
- C. Performs active ROM four times daily
- D. Maintains absolute rest of affected joints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing aspiration is critical in dermatomyositis.