Nokea
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the:
- A. longitudinal fissure
- B. gyrus
- C. central sulcus
- D. Broca's area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for speech production. Damage to this area results in Broca's aphasia, where the individual knows what they want to say but cannot vocalize the words. Thus, D is the correct answer.
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The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on the neurologic system for a community health fair. Which part of the system is the nurse referring when the statement 'rest and digest' is included?
- A. Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- B. Right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- C. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, such as digestion and relaxation. The sympathetic division mediates the 'fight-or-flight' response, while the cerebral hemispheres are involved in higher cognitive functions. Understanding the autonomic nervous system is key to explaining physiological responses.
The presence of hemianesthesia, hemianopia & sensory hemiataxia suggests damage to the following:
- A. internal capsule
- B. thalamus opticus
- C. spinal cord
- D. black substance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thalamus opticus is the correct answer because it is a key relay station for sensory information, including pain, temperature, and visual signals. Damage to the thalamus can result in hemianesthesia (sensory loss on one side), hemianopia (visual field loss on one side), and sensory hemiataxia (loss of coordination on one side) due to disrupted sensory processing.
Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
- A. Naegleria fowleri
- B. Entameba histolyticum
- C. Amoeba proteus
- D. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naegleria fowleri. This is because Naegleria fowleri is known to be the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare but serious infection of the brain. This amoeba enters the body through the nasal passages and travels to the brain, causing inflammation and damage. Entameba histolyticum is a different species of amoeba that causes amoebiasis, a gut infection. Amoeba proteus is a harmless freshwater amoeba used in biology studies. Acanthamoeba polyphaga can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals but is not associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
The nurse notes that a patient has a history of falling. Which part of the brain should the nurse question as being affected in this patient?
- A. Medulla
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Frontal lobes
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, balance, and posture, making it the most likely area affected in a patient with a history of falling. The medulla regulates vital functions, the frontal lobes control voluntary movement, and the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis. The cerebellum's role in motor control is essential for assessing balance issues.
Nurse Ramirez is providing guidance to Mr. Johnson, a client with Parkinson's disease, on how to prevent spinal curvatures commonly associated with the condition. In her instructions on preventing spinal flexion, what should Nurse Ramirez recommend to Mr. Johnson?
- A. Rest in a supine position with his head elevated.
- B. Occasionally lie in a prone position without using a neck pillow.
- C. Sleep on either side but maintain a straight back.
- D. Only sleep in the dorsal recumbent position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lying in a prone position without a neck pillow helps prevent spinal flexion and postural deformities in PD patients.