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The following signs occur in ipsilateral interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk:
- A. enophthalmos
- B. ptosis
- C. vasodilatation in the skin of the face
- D. All above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk leads to Horner's syndrome, characterized by ipsilateral ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (pupil constriction), and anhidrosis (lack of sweating). Enophthalmos (sunken eye) and vasodilatation in the facial skin may also occur due to loss of sympathetic tone.
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Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the PNS are called:
- A. ganglia
- B. tracts
- C. nerves
- D. nuclei
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Tracts and nuclei are terms used in the central nervous system (CNS), while nerves are bundles of axons. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
One of the most widely used tests of executive functioning is the:
- A. Manhattan card sorting test.
- B. Quebec number sorting task.
- C. Wisconsin card sorting test.
- D. Minnesota number ordering test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a widely used neuropsychological test designed to assess executive functions, such as problem-solving, cognitive flexibility, and the ability to adapt to changing rules. During the test, individuals must sort cards based on different criteria (e.g., color, shape) and adjust their strategy when the sorting rules change. This test is particularly useful for evaluating frontal lobe function and identifying deficits in executive functioning.
The nurse is providing post-procedure care for a patient recovering from a lumbar puncture. Which order should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
- A. Keep the patient NPO for 4 hours.
- B. Have the patient lie flat for 6 hours.
- C. Monitor the patient's pedal pulses every 4 hours.
- D. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 8 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, the patient should lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and reduce the risk of a spinal headache. Monitoring pedal pulses or elevating the head of the bed is not necessary. Proper post-procedure care minimizes complications.
Nurse Thompson is overseeing the care of a patient with Parkinson's disease, diagnosed with Impaired Physical Mobility due to neuromuscular issues. She notices various activities performed by a nursing assistant (NA) and needs to decide if any require her immediate intervention. Which action by the NA should prompt Nurse Thompson to intervene?
- A. Placing the patient in a chair without using a transfer belt.
- B. Assisting the patient in ambulating with a gait belt.
- C. Helping the patient with feeding using adaptive utensils.
- D. Encouraging the patient to perform active range of motion exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing the patient in a chair without a transfer belt increases the risk of falls and injury, requiring immediate intervention.
Which of the following conditions are more likely to develop in a client who is relatively immobile for the rest of his or her life?
- A. Bladder infection
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Paralysis
- D. Bladder inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immobility increases the risk of bladder infections due to stasis of urine.