Nokea
Which area of the brain regulates endocrine and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions?
- A. Basal ganglia
- B. Temporal lobe
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Reticular activating system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating endocrine and ANS functions.
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In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.
- A. sodium ions
- B. potassium ions
- C. neurotransmitter molecules
- D. the nodes of Ranvier
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is mediated by neurotransmitter molecules. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemicals bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a new electrical signal. Neurotransmitters are essential for communication between neurons and play a key role in neural signaling.
Mrs. Moore is a client with Parkinson disease. The nurse can anticipate that Mrs. Moore's major nursing needs will be
- A. monitoring for seizures
- B. decreasing pain tolerance
- C. assisting with activities of daily living
- D. preventing diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's disease affects motor skills, requiring assistance with daily activities.
In the acute phase following a cerebrovascular accident, patients have a tendency to develop pressure lesions for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A. high degree of muscle spasticity
- B. accompanying sensory loss
- C. interference with altered autonomic reflexes
- D. diminished muscle use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spasticity does not typically contribute to pressure ulcers.
What is a normal response when testing cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X (Vagus nerve)?
- A. The uvula should remain midline when the patient says "ah."
- B. The patient should be able to smell different scents.
- C. The patient should have normal hearing.
- D. The patient should exhibit symmetrical facial expressions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerves IX and X are tested by observing the uvula's position when the patient says "ah." A midline uvula indicates normal function. Smell, hearing, and facial expressions are assessed by other cranial nerves.
The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on the neurologic system for a community health fair. Which part of the system is the nurse referring when the statement 'rest and digest' is included?
- A. Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- B. Right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- C. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, such as digestion and relaxation. The sympathetic division mediates the 'fight-or-flight' response, while the cerebral hemispheres are involved in higher cognitive functions. Understanding the autonomic nervous system is key to explaining physiological responses.