Nokea
The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.
- A. precentral gyrus
- B. postcentral gyrus
- C. central sulcus
- D. longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The longitudinal fissure is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It is a prominent anatomical feature that allows for the division of the brain into left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.
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Mr. Smith develops signs of increased intracranial pressure. Which of the following medications is likely to be ordered for Mr. Smith?
- A. Mannitol
- B. Insulin
- C. Morphine sulfate
- D. Penicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure.
Following 2 weeks of IV antibiotic therapy, a patient with acute osteomyelitis of the tibia is prepared for discharge from the hospital. The nurse determines that additional instruction is needed when the patient makes which statement?
- A. I will need to continue antibiotic therapy for 4 to 6 weeks.
- B. I shouldn't bear weight on my affected leg until healing is complete.
- C. I can use a heating pad on my lower leg for comfort and to promote healing.
- D. I should notify the health care provider if the pain in my leg becomes worse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heating pads are contraindicated in osteomyelitis.
Which area of the brain regulates endocrine and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions?
- A. Basal ganglia
- B. Temporal lobe
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Reticular activating system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating endocrine and ANS functions.
The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on the neurologic system for a community health fair. Which part of the system is the nurse referring when the statement 'rest and digest' is included?
- A. Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- B. Right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- C. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, such as digestion and relaxation. The sympathetic division mediates the 'fight-or-flight' response, while the cerebral hemispheres are involved in higher cognitive functions. Understanding the autonomic nervous system is key to explaining physiological responses.
Which of the following is a sign of possible upper motor neuron damage?
- A. Muscle spasticity and hyperreflexia.
- B. Muscle flaccidity and diminished reflexes.
- C. Normal muscle tone and reflexes.
- D. Absence of neurological symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper motor neuron damage is characterized by muscle spasticity and hyperreflexia. Flaccidity, diminished reflexes, and normal tone are not associated with upper motor neuron damage.