Nokea
Which lobe of the cerebrum is located just above the ear?
- A. Parietal lobe
- B. Temporal lobe
- C. Frontal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The temporal lobe is situated near the ears.
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Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______.
- A. nodes of Ranvier
- B. the synapse
- C. axonal interstices
- D. myelinoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon of a neuron. These gaps allow for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential 'jumps' from one node to the next. This increases the speed and efficiency of neural communication. Nodes of Ranvier are essential for proper nerve function and are found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
A person who is drunk may have difficulty walking in a straight line because the alcohol has impacted their:
- A. thalamus
- B. reticular formation
- C. amygdala
- D. cerebellum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Alcohol impairs the cerebellum's function, leading to difficulties in walking, balance, and fine motor control. This is why individuals who are drunk often exhibit unsteady movements and have trouble walking in a straight line. The cerebellum's role in motor coordination makes it particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
- A. Naegleria fowleri
- B. Entameba histolyticum
- C. Amoeba proteus
- D. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naegleria fowleri. This is because Naegleria fowleri is known to be the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare but serious infection of the brain. This amoeba enters the body through the nasal passages and travels to the brain, causing inflammation and damage. Entameba histolyticum is a different species of amoeba that causes amoebiasis, a gut infection. Amoeba proteus is a harmless freshwater amoeba used in biology studies. Acanthamoeba polyphaga can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals but is not associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
In order to allow for proper healing, patients with osteomyelitis may need to have
- A. Debridement and drainage of the area.
- B. Immobilization of the area.
- C. Ice packs alternating with moist heat applied externally.
- D. Internal fixation device inserted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization helps prevent further damage and promotes healing in osteomyelitis.
Which of the following symptoms should the nurse closely monitor for in a client with a compartment syndrome in the upper arm?
- A. Epicondylitis
- B. Carpal tunnel syndrome
- C. Volkmann's contracture
- D. Ganglion cyst
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Volkmann's contracture is a serious complication of compartment syndrome.