Nokea
The part of the brain responsible for coordinating all your movements is the:
- A. cerebrum.
- B. cerebellum.
- C. brain stem.
- D. cranial nerves.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It receives sensory input from the spinal cord and other parts of the brain to fine-tune motor activities. The cerebellum ensures smooth and precise movements by integrating information about body position and muscle activity. Damage to the cerebellum can result in uncoordinated movements, balance issues, and difficulties with fine motor skills.
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In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.
- A. sodium ions
- B. potassium ions
- C. neurotransmitter molecules
- D. the nodes of Ranvier
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is mediated by neurotransmitter molecules. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemicals bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a new electrical signal. Neurotransmitters are essential for communication between neurons and play a key role in neural signaling.
The following signs occur in ipsilateral interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk:
- A. enophthalmos
- B. ptosis
- C. vasodilatation in the skin of the face
- D. All above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk leads to Horner's syndrome, characterized by ipsilateral ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (pupil constriction), and anhidrosis (lack of sweating). Enophthalmos (sunken eye) and vasodilatation in the facial skin may also occur due to loss of sympathetic tone.
An appropriate nursing intervention for this patient?
- A. Post clocks and calendars in the patient's environment.
- B. Establish and consistently follow a daily schedule with the patient.
- C. Monitor the patient's activities to maintain a safe patient environment.
- D. Stimulate thought processes by asking the patient questions about recent activities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consistent schedules help orient patients with dementia
Which of the following will not worsen PD symptoms?
- A. Haloperidol
- B. Metoclopramide
- C. Prochlorperazine
- D. Rasagiline
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rasagiline is a MAO-B inhibitor used to treat PD and does not worsen symptoms, unlike dopamine antagonists like haloperidol and metoclopramide.
Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the PNS are called:
- A. ganglia
- B. tracts
- C. nerves
- D. nuclei
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Tracts and nuclei are terms used in the central nervous system (CNS), while nerves are bundles of axons. Therefore, A is the correct answer.