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After teaching a patient with RA to use heat and cold therapy to relieve symptoms, the nurse determines that teaching has been effective when what is said by the patient?
- A. Heat treatments should not be used if muscle spasms are present.
- B. Cold applications can be applied for 15 to 20 minutes to relieve joint stiffness.
- C. I should use heat applications for 20 minutes to relieve the symptoms of an acute flare.
- D. When my joints are painful, I can use a bag of frozen corn for 10 to 15 minutes to relieve the pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cold therapy is effective for acute pain.
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The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on the neurologic system for a community health fair. Which part of the system is the nurse referring when the statement 'rest and digest' is included?
- A. Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- B. Right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
- C. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, such as digestion and relaxation. The sympathetic division mediates the 'fight-or-flight' response, while the cerebral hemispheres are involved in higher cognitive functions. Understanding the autonomic nervous system is key to explaining physiological responses.
Nurse Thompson is overseeing the care of a patient with Parkinson's disease, diagnosed with Impaired Physical Mobility due to neuromuscular issues. She notices various activities performed by a nursing assistant (NA) and needs to decide if any require her immediate intervention. Which action by the NA should prompt Nurse Thompson to intervene?
- A. Placing the patient in a chair without using a transfer belt.
- B. Assisting the patient in ambulating with a gait belt.
- C. Helping the patient with feeding using adaptive utensils.
- D. Encouraging the patient to perform active range of motion exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing the patient in a chair without a transfer belt increases the risk of falls and injury, requiring immediate intervention.
A patient complains of pain in the foot of a leg that was recently amputated. What should the nurse recognize about this pain?
- A. It is caused by swelling at the incision.
- B. It should be treated with ordered analgesics.
- C. It will become worse with the use of a prosthesis.
- D. It can be managed with diversion because it is psychologic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phantom pain is treated with analgesics.
What is the strongest known risk factor for MS?
- A. cigarette smoking
- B. genetics
- C. obesity
- D. living in northern climates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetics is the strongest known risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). While environmental factors like vitamin D deficiency and smoking can influence risk, having a family history of MS significantly increases an individual's likelihood of developing the condition.
Without surgical stabilization, what method of immobilization for the patient with a cervical spinal cord injury should the nurse expect to be used?
- A. Kinetic beds
- B. Hard cervical collar
- C. Skeletal traction with skull tongs
- D. Sternal-occipital-mandibular immobilizer brace
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This brace provides rigid immobilization.