Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions

Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Related

Review Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions related questions and content

Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?

  • A. Naegleria fowleri
  • B. Entameba histolyticum
  • C. Amoeba proteus
  • D. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naegleria fowleri. This is because Naegleria fowleri is known to be the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare but serious infection of the brain. This amoeba enters the body through the nasal passages and travels to the brain, causing inflammation and damage. Entameba histolyticum is a different species of amoeba that causes amoebiasis, a gut infection. Amoeba proteus is a harmless freshwater amoeba used in biology studies. Acanthamoeba polyphaga can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals but is not associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

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The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.

  • A. precentral gyrus
  • B. postcentral gyrus
  • C. central sulcus
  • D. longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The longitudinal fissure is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It is a prominent anatomical feature that allows for the division of the brain into left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.

Which lobe of the cerebrum is located just above the ear?

  • A. Parietal lobe
  • B. Temporal lobe
  • C. Frontal lobe
  • D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The temporal lobe is situated near the ears.

With regard to myotomal nerve supply

  • A. opponens pollicis is C8
  • B. shoulder abduction is C5, 6
  • C. ankle plantar flexion is L4, 5
  • D. elbow extension is C7, 8
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Shoulder abduction is primarily controlled by the C5 and C6 nerve roots, which innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles.

What is a normal response when testing cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X (Vagus nerve)?

  • A. The uvula should remain midline when the patient says "ah."
  • B. The patient should be able to smell different scents.
  • C. The patient should have normal hearing.
  • D. The patient should exhibit symmetrical facial expressions.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cranial nerves IX and X are tested by observing the uvula's position when the patient says "ah." A midline uvula indicates normal function. Smell, hearing, and facial expressions are assessed by other cranial nerves.

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______.

  • A. nodes of Ranvier
  • B. the synapse
  • C. axonal interstices
  • D. myelinoids
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon of a neuron. These gaps allow for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential 'jumps' from one node to the next. This increases the speed and efficiency of neural communication. Nodes of Ranvier are essential for proper nerve function and are found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.

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