Nokea
The son of your 80-year-old female patient expresses concern about the mother's cognitive mental status. You tell the patient a list of three items and have the patient repeat them to check initial understanding. By having the patient repeat the three items after 5 minutes pass, you are assessing what cognitive function?
- A. Judgment
- B. Attention
- C. Memory
- D. Abstract reasoning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking the patient to repeat items after a delay assesses short-term memory. Judgment, attention, and abstract reasoning are evaluated through different cognitive tests, such as problem-solving tasks or interpreting proverbs.
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Which of the following is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
- A. Naegleria fowleri
- B. Entameba histolyticum
- C. Amoeba proteus
- D. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naegleria fowleri. This is because Naegleria fowleri is known to be the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare but serious infection of the brain. This amoeba enters the body through the nasal passages and travels to the brain, causing inflammation and damage. Entameba histolyticum is a different species of amoeba that causes amoebiasis, a gut infection. Amoeba proteus is a harmless freshwater amoeba used in biology studies. Acanthamoeba polyphaga can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals but is not associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Which type of seizure is most likely to cause death for the patient?
- A. Subclinical seizures
- B. Myoclonic seizures
- C. Psychogenic seizures
- D. Tonic-clonic status epilepticus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Status epilepticus is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention
A person who is drunk may have difficulty walking in a straight line because the alcohol has impacted their:
- A. thalamus
- B. reticular formation
- C. amygdala
- D. cerebellum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Alcohol impairs the cerebellum's function, leading to difficulties in walking, balance, and fine motor control. This is why individuals who are drunk often exhibit unsteady movements and have trouble walking in a straight line. The cerebellum's role in motor coordination makes it particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
A patient complains of pain in the foot of a leg that was recently amputated. What should the nurse recognize about this pain?
- A. It is caused by swelling at the incision.
- B. It should be treated with ordered analgesics.
- C. It will become worse with the use of a prosthesis.
- D. It can be managed with diversion because it is psychologic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phantom pain is treated with analgesics.
Nurse Ramirez is providing guidance to Mr. Johnson, a client with Parkinson's disease, on how to prevent spinal curvatures commonly associated with the condition. In her instructions on preventing spinal flexion, what should Nurse Ramirez recommend to Mr. Johnson?
- A. Rest in a supine position with his head elevated.
- B. Occasionally lie in a prone position without using a neck pillow.
- C. Sleep on either side but maintain a straight back.
- D. Only sleep in the dorsal recumbent position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lying in a prone position without a neck pillow helps prevent spinal flexion and postural deformities in PD patients.