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Chemicals called ________ are stored in neurons and released when the cell is stimulated by a signal.
- A. toxins
- B. cytokines
- C. chemokines
- D. neurotransmitters
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: neurotransmitters. Neurons store and release neurotransmitters in response to signals to communicate with other neurons or target cells. Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in transmitting signals across synapses. Toxins (A) are harmful substances, not involved in neuronal communication. Cytokines (B) and chemokines (C) are signaling molecules involved in immune responses, not neuronal communication. Therefore, the correct choice is neurotransmitters.
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You are pulled from the ED to the neurologic floor. Which action should you delegate to the nursing assistant when providing nursing care for a patient with SCI?
- A. Assess patient's respiratory status every 4 hours.
- B. Take patient's vital signs and record every 4 hours.
- C. Monitor nutritional status including calorie counts.
- D. Have patient turn, cough, and deep breathe every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking and recording vital signs is a routine task suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant.
The nurse is providing post-procedure care for a patient recovering from a lumbar puncture. Which order should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
- A. Keep the patient NPO for 4 hours.
- B. Have the patient lie flat for 6 hours.
- C. Monitor the patient's pedal pulses every 4 hours.
- D. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 8 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, the patient should lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and reduce the risk of a spinal headache. Monitoring pedal pulses or elevating the head of the bed is not necessary. Proper post-procedure care minimizes complications.
Which lobe of the cerebrum is located just above the ear?
- A. Parietal lobe
- B. Temporal lobe
- C. Frontal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The temporal lobe is situated near the ears.
Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?
- A. pons
- B. pancreas
- C. parathyroid
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pons is part of the brainstem and is involved in regulating sleep, respiration, and communication between different parts of the brain. It is not part of the endocrine system, which consists of glands that secrete hormones, such as the pancreas, parathyroid, and pineal gland. The pons plays a role in motor control and sensory processing, but it does not produce hormones.
The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.
- A. precentral gyrus
- B. postcentral gyrus
- C. central sulcus
- D. longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The longitudinal fissure is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It is a prominent anatomical feature that allows for the division of the brain into left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.