Nokea
In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual physical location of the people is termed:
- A. De jure
- B. De locus
- C. De facto
- D. De novo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: De facto. This method assigns individuals to a specific location based on where they are physically located during the census. "De facto" means "in fact" or "in reality." This ensures accurate representation of the population in a specific area at the time of the census.
A: De jure refers to assignment based on legal residence, not necessarily physical location.
B: De locus is not a standard term in census methodology.
D: De novo means "from the beginning" and is not relevant to population assignment in a census.
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Why is a primigravida instructed to offer her breast to the baby for the first time within 30 minutes after delivery?
- A. To initiate the occurrence of milk letdown
- B. To stimulate milk production by the mammary acini
- C. To provide the baby with colostrum
- D. To allow the mother to practice breastfeeding in the presence of healthcare providers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Primigravida refers to a woman pregnant for the first time.
2. Colostrum is the first milk produced after childbirth, rich in antibodies and nutrients.
3. Offering the breast within 30 minutes ensures the baby receives this vital colostrum.
4. Colostrum provides immune protection and establishes the baby's gut microbiome.
5. Options A and B relate to mature milk production, not colostrum.
6. Option D focuses on practice, not the immediate benefits of colostrum.
What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?
- A. To help strengthen her immune system
- B. To improve her vision
- C. To protect her from infection
- D. To promote wound healing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client.
C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system.
D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.
Which of the following is a natality rate?
- A. Crude birth rate
- B. Neonatal mortality rate
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. General fertility rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crude birth rate. Natality rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year. The crude birth rate includes all live births in a population without any adjustments.
B: Neonatal mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.
C: Infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 live births.
D: General fertility rate measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.
Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?
- A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
- B. Proportionate mortality rate
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Swaroop's index
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This statistic reflects the overall health and nutritional status of a population by focusing on a specific age group vulnerable to malnutrition-related issues. It provides a comprehensive view of the impact of nutrition on child health and development. Proportionate mortality rate (B) measures the distribution of causes of death, not specifically related to nutrition. Infant mortality rate (C) focuses on deaths within the first year of life, which may not fully capture the nutritional status of the whole population. Swaroop's index (D) assesses life expectancy and income level, but does not directly measure nutritional status.
Where is the correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Gluteal muscle
- C. Vastus lateralis muscle
- D. Forearm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant is the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred for infants and young children because it has a larger muscle mass, reducing the risk of hitting a nerve or bone. The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the thigh, making it easily accessible and safe for injecting vaccines. It is recommended by healthcare professionals for infants due to better absorption and reduced discomfort. In contrast, the deltoid muscle is more suitable for adults, the gluteal muscle carries a risk of hitting the sciatic nerve, and the forearm lacks sufficient muscle mass for injection.