Nokea
In the context of biomedical research, informed consent should be obtained in which of the following ways?
- A. By any means possible
- B. By subtle manipulation, if necessary
- C. In a noncoercive manner
- D. In a way that maximizes physician control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Noncoercive consent respects autonomy and ethics in research.
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Systems theory suggests one individual's behaviour is the consequence of the total situation.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systems theory views behavior as a product of the entire systemic context.
The psychosexual stage associated with rivalry is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phallic stage (3-6 years, Freud) involves rivalry (Oedipus complex).
Confidence is
- A. Walking into a room thinking you are better than everyone around
- B. Saying positive about yourself to other people
- C. Walking in not having to compare yourself to anyone at all
- D. Saying positive things about yourself to yourself
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Confidence is internal assurance without comparison.
The psychosexual stage associated with identity is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phallic stage (3-6 years) shapes gender identity via identification (Freud).
Muscular dystrophies is a condition, which means it gets worse over time:
- A. Advanced
- B. Progressive
- C. Liberal
- D. Reformist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Muscular dystrophy is progressive, worsening over time due to muscle degeneration.