Nokea
In the event of drowning, the first priority is to:
- A. Warm the victim
- B. Perform rescue breathing if the victim is not breathing
- C. Give the victim water to drink
- D. Perform CPR if they are conscious
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, warming follows breathing restoration. Rationale B: Correct, breathing is the priority if absent. Rationale C: Incorrect, water is irrelevant. Rationale D: Incorrect, CPR is for unconscious, not conscious.
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Of the following interventions for infectious diseases, which one best represents primary prevention?
- A. Giving a tetanus booster every 10 years.
- B. Giving a tetanus booster to a client after she steps on a nail.
- C. Giving tetanus immunoglobulin to a client after he steps on a nail.
- D. Giving antibiotics to a client who has tetanus and placing the client on seizure precautions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A tetanus booster every 10 years (A) is primary prevention, preventing disease before exposure, per public health. Post-exposure booster (B) and immunoglobulin (C) are secondary, and antibiotics (D) are tertiary.
The CHN who best applies evidence-informed practice directly performs which of the following actions to determine the best way to address an outbreak of a new infectious disease?
- A. Reviews policies and procedures
- B. Reviews outcomes of clinical trials
- C. Reviews several nursing textbooks
- D. Gets information from the Internet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, policies may not be evidence-based or current. Rationale B: Correct, clinical trial outcomes provide rigorous evidence for new diseases. Rationale C: Incorrect, textbooks may be outdated. Rationale D: Incorrect, Internet sources vary in reliability.
Women who develop vaginal fungal infections (commonly referred to as yeast infections) usually have a history of having been prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Which component of the epidemiological triangle (agent-host-environment) contributes most to the development of vaginal infections?
- A. Agent
- B. Environment
- C. Host
- D. Agent and host
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The host (C) contributes most, as antibiotics disrupt vaginal flora, increasing susceptibility, per epidemiological principles. Agent (A) is the fungus, environment (B) is external, and agent-host (D) is less specific.
A family member asks an HHN to explain the concept of hospice care. Which of the following actions would the HHN need to include as the fundamental underlying philosophy of hospice?
- A. Making it possible for the client to die at home
- B. Ensuring that the client's living will is honoured
- C. Placing experts in the position of power of attorney
- D. Providing comfort measures before death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Comfort measures (D) are hospice's fundamental philosophy, prioritizing quality of life, per palliative care standards. Home death (A), wills (B), and power of attorney (C) are secondary.
Which one of the following is the cause of the greatest overall costs to the community for providing health care to the homeless?
- A. The need for increased preventive services to address the health conditions of the homeless population
- B. The need for more frequent clinic visits by homeless clients for multiple health problems
- C. The spread of contagious diseases by homeless people to those they pass on the street
- D. The fact that most of the care for homeless people takes place in hospital emergency departments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, preventive services are less costly than acute care. Rationale B: Incorrect, clinic visits are less expensive than emergency care. Rationale C: Incorrect, disease spread is a concern but not the primary cost driver. Rationale D: Correct, emergency department care is the most expensive and common for homeless due to lack of primary care access.