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In the last month, three cases of tuberculosis have been referred to the health department. Which of the following is the priority information for the community health nurse to obtain from each client?
- A. Demographics
- B. Household members
- C. Occupation
- D. Health history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Household members. This is the priority information for the nurse to obtain as tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread within households. By knowing the household members, the nurse can assess the risk of transmission and provide appropriate guidance for testing and treatment. Demographics (A) may provide background information but are not as crucial as identifying close contacts. Occupation (C) and health history (D) are important but do not directly address the immediate risk of transmission within the household.
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A nurse is planning a priority intervention to reduce obesity in the community. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage enrollment and attendance at weight reduction programs
- B. Educate children at a daycare center about nutrition and exercise
- C. Distribute health risk appraisal questionnaires at community functions
- D. Measure the BMI of older adults at a community senior center
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Educate children at a daycare center about nutrition and exercise. This is the priority intervention because educating children about nutrition and exercise can help prevent obesity in the long term. By teaching healthy habits early on, the nurse can make a significant impact on reducing obesity rates in the community. Encouraging enrollment in weight reduction programs (A) may help individuals who are already obese but does not address prevention. Distributing health risk appraisal questionnaires (C) and measuring BMI of older adults (D) are important but not the priority for reducing obesity in the community.
A parish nurse is counseling a family following a client's recent diagnosis of heart disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Discuss the benefits of eating a well-balanced diet with the client's family
- B. Assist the client and the client's partner with finding an affordable exercise program
- C. Offer to accompany the client and the client's partner during health care provider visits
- D. Ask family members about the impact of the disease on relationships within the family
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ask family members about the impact of the disease on relationships within the family. This is the first action the nurse should take because understanding the family dynamics and relationships can provide valuable insight into how the diagnosis is affecting everyone involved. By assessing the impact on relationships, the nurse can better tailor interventions to support the entire family unit and address any emotional or communication challenges that may arise.
Option A is incorrect as discussing diet benefits should come after assessing the family dynamics. Option B is incorrect because addressing exercise programs should also come after understanding the family's needs. Option C is incorrect as accompanying to provider visits is important but not the first priority.
A community health nurse is caring for a client in a culturally diverse community. Which of the following actions demonstrates accurate cultural knowledge about a specific cultural group?
- A. Touching the hair of an African American client during an assessment
- B. Offering to shake hands when meeting an Asian client of the opposite gender
- C. Maintaining eye contact when interviewing a Native American client
- D. Including both hot and cold food items from a Hispanic client's menu
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows respect for the Hispanic client's cultural dietary preferences. In Hispanic culture, hot and cold foods are believed to have different properties that can affect health. By including both options on the menu, the nurse demonstrates understanding and acceptance of this cultural belief. Touching the hair of an African American client (A) can be considered intrusive and disrespectful. Offering to shake hands with an Asian client of the opposite gender (B) may not be culturally appropriate in some Asian cultures due to gender norms. Maintaining eye contact with a Native American client (C) may be perceived as disrespectful as some Native American cultures view direct eye contact as confrontational.
A community health nurse is planning a smoking cessation class. Which of the following factors will have the greatest effect on the success of the class?
- A. Presenter's teaching strategies
- B. Presenter's credibility
- C. Client's motivation
- D. Client's education level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Client's motivation. Motivation plays a crucial role in behavior change like quitting smoking. Without intrinsic motivation, clients may not fully engage in the class or follow through with quitting. Presenter's teaching strategies (A) and credibility (B) are important but not as impactful as client motivation. Client's education level (D) may influence comprehension but not motivation.
A home health nurse is planning the initial home visit for a client who has dementia and lives with his adult son's family. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first during the visit?
- A. Encourage the family to join a support group
- B. Provide the family with information about respite care
- C. Educate the family regarding the progression of dementia
- D. Engage the family in informal conversation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Engage the family in informal conversation. This is the first action the nurse should take during the initial visit because building rapport and establishing trust with the family is crucial in the care of a client with dementia. By engaging in informal conversation, the nurse can observe family dynamics, assess the family's understanding of the client's condition, and gather valuable information about the client's daily routine and needs. This lays the foundation for effective communication and collaboration moving forward.
A: Encouraging the family to join a support group can be beneficial but should come after establishing rapport and assessing the family's needs.
B: Providing information about respite care is important, but it is not the priority during the initial visit.
C: Educating the family about the progression of dementia is important, but it should be done after building rapport and assessing their current understanding.