Nokea
In the presence of pentazocine, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit pain relief. Pentazocine by it self has a smaller analgesic effect than does morphine, even at the highest dose, Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?
- A. Pentazocine is a competitive antagonist
- B. Morphine is a full agonist, and pentazocine is a partial agonist
- C. Morphine is less efficacious than is pentazocine
- D. Morphine is less potent than is pentazocine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentazocine's submaximal effect and antagonism of morphine indicate it is a partial agonist, while morphine is a full agonist.
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A nurse is preparing to administer tobramycin. Which lab value should be monitored closely?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. BUN and creatinine
- C. Complete blood count
- D. Electrolytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside, is nephrotoxic; BUN and creatinine monitor kidney function, critical for safe administration.
Cough and cold medications that contain a sympathomimetic decongestant such as phenylephrine should be used cautiously in what population:
- A. Older adults
- B. Hypertensive patients
- C. Infants
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sympathomimetic decongestants like phenylephrine can raise blood pressure or cause adverse effects in older adults, hypertensives, and infants.
A nurse has received an order to administer two drugs at the same time of the day. The nurse should first:
- A. Wash her hands before handling the medications
- B. Consult a drug guide for compatibility
- C. Question the patient concerning drug allergies
- D. Identify the patient by checking the armband and asking the patient to state his or her name
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consulting a drug guide for compatibility is critical to avoid adverse interactions when administering two drugs simultaneously. Hand washing, allergy checks, and patient identification are also essential but follow ensuring drug compatibility to prevent harm.
Scopolamine can be used to prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. The patient is taught to:
- A. Apply the transdermal disk at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is desired.
- B. Swallow the tablet 1 hour before traveling where motion sickness is possible.
- C. Place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve.
- D. Change the transdermal disk daily for maximal effect.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Scopolamine patches require 4 hours for onset, making preemptive application key.
Pentobarbitone is
- A. Long acting barbiturates
- B. Short acting barbiturates
- C. Ultra short acting barbiturates
- D. Intermediate acting barbiturates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pentobarbitone (pentobarbital) is classified as an intermediate-acting barbiturate, with a duration of action between short-acting and long-acting barbiturates.